Management of Sports-Related Concussions: Staying Ahead of the Game, 2nd Edition: Summary 28
3. Which of the following is true regarding rehabilitation of a student-athlete after a concussion injury? a. Treatment should be individualized and target specific factors b. Strengthening of cervical muscles may reduce concussion incidence c. Moderate levels of supervised exertion during recovery may be beneficial for recovery d. All of the above are true 4. Which of the following are part of the multidisciplinary team that should assist in implementing a return to learn process? a. Medical team (physician, physical therapist, speech pathologist) b. School academic team (teacher, counselor, nurse, administrator, psychologist) c. School physical activity team (nurse, athletic trainer, coach, PE teacher, playground supervisor) d. All of the above should be part of the return to learn process 5. Which of the following is true regarding medical disqualification of an athlete with a history of concussions? a. The decision to retire a player often does not rest on a combination of many factors b. The decision should take place prior to the patient being fully recovered c. Decisions are complex, are multifaceted, and should be individualized d. Specific and strict guidelines currently exist to inform clinicians on how to decide to medically disqualify an athlete after sports- related concussions
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO CONCUSSIONS
Definition and Background A concussion is defined as a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces. It typically results from a blow or jolt to the head, or by a hit to the body that causes rapid movement of the head. This movement can be linear or rotational in nature, causing the brain to move rapidly back and forth inside the skull. The American Academy of Neurology defines it as a trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness. It is important to note that loss of consciousness is not required for a concussion diagnosis, although it is one possible sign. Epidemiology Sports-related concussions are a serious epidemic in youth and competitive sports. Approximately 1.6 million to 3.8 million sports-related concussions occur annually in the United States. However, this number may be underreported due to some individuals dismissing milder concussions as "getting their bell rung" or "seeing stars." Common Features Key features of concussions include: • Rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurological function that resolves spontaneously • Acute signs and symptoms that largely reflect functional disturbance rather than structural injury • A range of clinical signs and symptoms that may or may not involve loss of consciousness • Symptoms that may present immediately or evolve over minutes to hours
ANSWERS: 1: b 2 : b 3: d 4 : d 5 : c
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