66. What type of conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment leading to changes in behavior?
76. The pain intensity scale that is most likely to be understood by patients with cognitive problems such as Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia is the? a. Visual analogue scale. b. Numeric rating scale. c. Verbal rating scale. d. Colored analogue scale. 77. In a clinical assessment of pain, pinch palpation would be most appropriate to use on the? a. Mentalis muscle. b. Buccinator muscle. c. Lateral pterygoid muscle. d. Sternocleidomastoid muscle. 78. In order to assess for referred pain, the clinician should palpate trigger points by applying pressure for? a. 5 to 10 seconds. b. 10 to 15 seconds. c. 15 to 20 seconds. d. 20 to 25 seconds. 79. When recording lateral and protrusive movements of the mandible, a range that is considered normal is? a. 7 mm or more. b. 6 mm or more. c. 5 mm or more. d. 4 mm or more. 80. The best local anesthetic to use when performing trigger- point injections is? a. 4% articaine. b. 0.5% bupivacaine. c. 3% mepivacaine. d. 5% lidocaine with epinephrine. 81. One reason for caution when advising or prescribing nonopioid analgesics for prolonged periods of time is that acetaminophen has been related to? a. Liver toxicity. b. Spleen toxicity. c. An increased rate of miscarriage. d. An increased rate of heart attack and stroke. 82. One of the few promising short-term, single-session psychosocial interventions based primarily on education and problem-solving around chronic pain involves? a. Practicing mindful meditation. d. Using the Pain Explanation and Treatment Diagram. 83. Virtually all treatment programs for chronic pain now include some form of: a. Hypnosis. b. Alternative approach. c. Opioid use. d. Relaxation training. 84. The Barriers to effective pain care are grouped into provider attitudes and training, insurance coverage, attitudes of pain b. Employing diaphragmatic breathing. c. Receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy.
a. Operant conditioning. b. Classical conditioning. c. Reinforcing conditioning. d. Atypical conditioning.
67. The belief that other people should be responsive to requests for help with pain and should offer assistance to people with pain is called: a. Catastrophizing. b. Perceived control. c. Perceived harm. d. Solicitude. 68. Pain from temporomandibular disorders peaks between the ages of? a. 15 and 20. b. 20 and 40. c. 40 and 60. d. 60 and 75. 69. When used in discussions of pain, the term cephalalgic refers to pain from? a. Headaches. 70. Myofascial pain caused by mandibular dystonias and dyskinesias is more often found in elderly people and patients: a. Taking medications for gastroesophageal reflux. b. Using asthma inhalers. c. Being treated for cardiac conditions. d. Taking antipsychotic medications. 71. Headaches with a clearly attributable cause are referred to as? a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Tertiary. d. Quaternary. 72. The fact that a myocardial infarction can present as pain in the mandible or mandibular molars, throat, face, or temporomandibular joint is an example of: c. Referred pain. d. Somatic pain. 73. In a state of chronic pain, the term for limiting activities to prevent further pain is? a. Guarding. b. Compensating. b. Joints or muscles. c. Damage to nerves. d. Disease of the organs. a. Nociceptive pain. b. Neuropathic pain. 74. Headaches such as those caused by temporal arteritis typically do not occur until an individual is in his or her? a. Third decade of life. b. Fourth decade of life. c. Fifth decade of life. d. Sixth decade of life. 75. The pain intensity scale that is depicted by a 100-millimeter line anchored at the low end by the words “No pain” and at the high end by the words “Pain as bad as it can be” is known as the? c. Coupling. d. Enabling.
patients, geographic barriers, and? a. Clinical effectiveness concerns. b. Administrative concerns.
c. Economic barriers. d. Regulatory barriers.
a. Visual analogue scale. b. Numeric rating scale. c. Verbal rating scale. d. Colored analogue scale.
Course Code: DOH05CP
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