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Tidy Colin. Arsenic Poisoning (Causes, Symptoms and Treatment). Patient. November 20, 2021. https:// patient.info/doctor/arsenic- poisoning Tomasiak-Lozowska MM, Klimek M, Lis A, Moniuszko M, Bodenta-Lukaszk A. Markers of anaphylaxis-a systemic review. Adv Med Sci. 2018 Dep;63(2); 265-277. [PubMed:29486376]. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Metals. Last Updated February 16, 2021. https://www.epa. gov/caddis-vol2/metals United States Food and Drug Administration. Metals and Your Food. April 18, 2021. https://www.fda. gov>chemcals-metals-pesticides-food Vaillant Angel A Justiz, Vashisht Rishik and Zito Patrick M. Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions. NCBI Bookshelf. Stat Pearls Publishing June 11, 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK513315 Vrbova Radka, Podzimek Stepan, Himmlova Lucie, Roubicka Adela, Janovska Marketa, Janatova Tatjana, Bartos Martin and Vinsu Alex. Titanium and Other Metal Hypersensitivity Diagnosed my MELISA® Test: Follow-Up Study. 2021. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2021/5512091 Wawrzynski Jospeph, Cil Jospeh A, Goodman Avi D. and Waryasz. Hypersensitivity to Orthopedic Implants: A Review of the Literature. Rheumatology and Therapy. 2017 June;4(1):45-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC5443731

Witkowska Danuta, Slowik Jianna and Chilicka Karolina. Heavy Metals and Human Health: Possible Pathways and the Competition for Protein Binding Sites. Molecules 2021, 26, 6060. https://www.mdpi.com.pdf World Health Organization. (2016). Mercury and health. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/mercury-and- health World Health Organization. Arsenic. February 15, 2018. https://www.who.int>Newsroom>FactSheets>Detail World Health Organization. Exposure to Cadmium: A Major Public Health Concern. 2019. https://apps.who. int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329480/WHO-CED-PHE-EPE-19.4.3-eng.pdf World Health Organization. Lead poisoning. October 21, 2021. https://www.who. int>Newsroom>Factsheets>Detail Yarram Anusha, KSV Ramesh, G Narasimha Rao, SA Yasmeen, MC Suresh Sajjab and AV Ramaraju. Corrosion of Titanium implants-a review. International Journal of Dental Materials 2019; 1(3). https://ijdm.co.in>index. php>articles>download Ye, B., Kim, B., Jeon, M., Kim, S., Kim, H., Jang, T., … Hong, Y. (2016). Evaluation of mercury exposure level, clinical diagnosis and treatment for mercury intoxication. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Health, 22 (28), 5. doi: 10.1186/s40557-015-0086-8. Zak Bob. How to Treat Lead Toxicity. May 31, 2017. Https://zotapro.com>News>Blog

ALLERGIC REACTIONS TO METALS IN THE MOUTH, 2ND EDITION Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book

21. Small amounts of iron supports: a. Thinking skills. b. Wound healing. c. Bone growth. d. Enzymatic function. 22. Zinc is important in: a. Bone growth. b. Wound healing. c. Enzymatic function.

29. Through reaction with the environment, corrosion is the loss of:

a. Cellular metabolism. b. The stability of bones. c. The mass of a metal. d. Immune function. 30. Galvanic cells are made up of: a. Titanium. b. Mixed metals. c. Nickel.

d. Diabetes mellitus management. 23. Copper works with iron to aid in: a. Immune function. b. Development during pregnancy. c. Cellular metabolism. d. Red blood cell production. 24. Which metal has the World Health Organization listed as one of its ten chemicals of major public concern?

d. A base alloy and a noble alloy. 31. To minimize galvanic corrosion of a certain metal, a metal with lower resistance to corrosion may be applied as a coating in a process known as: c. Cathodic protection. d. Corrosion mitigation. 32. One study showed that the corrosion resistance of titanium decreases in environments with low pH and: a. High glucose levels. b. Low protein levels. c. High levels of fat. d. Low levels of antigens. 33. Compared with base metal alloys, noble metal alloys have a higher: a. Rate of surface hardness. b. Tensile strength. c. Corrosion resistance. d. Toxicity risk. 34. Compared with noble metal alloys, base metal alloys have a higher: a. Rate of surface hardness. b. Fracture strength. c. Corrosion resistance. d. Toxicity risk. 35. Corrosion resulting from intraoral mixed metal and other galvanic cells may be associated with: a. Leukemia. b. Dental caries. c. Metallic toxicity. d. Oral cancer. a. Galvanic sacrifice. b. Alloy retainment.

a. Arsenic. b. Mercury. c. Nickel. d. Lead.

25. The third most abundant element found in the earth’s crust, which is used in some foods, medicines, cosmetic products, and vaccinations, is: a. Cadmium. b. Aluminum. c. Nickel. d. Lead. 26. What substance in an individual with allergies is responsible for the majority of allergic reactions? a. Creatine kinase. b. Creatine phosphate. c. Immunoglobulin F. d. Immunoglobulin E (IgE). 27. Which of the following statements is true regarding the types of hypersensitivity reactions? a. Type I reactions are also referred to as “serum sickness reactions.” b. Type II reactions are also known as “delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.” c. Type III reactions are mediated mainly by red blood cells and hemoglobin. d. Type IV reactions are mediated mainly by T cells and macrophages. 28. The majority of prosthetic restorations used today are fabricated from alloys of chromium-cobalt or: a. Zinc-germanium. b. Iron-vanadium. c. Nickel-chromium. d. Copper-manganese.

Course Code : DOH01AR

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