153. One of the classic signs of diabetes is: a. Polydipsia b. Hyperemia. c. Dysphagia. d. Oliguira. 154. Which of the following is an association between periodontal disease and diabetes? a. Periodontal disease is not considered a complication of diabetes. b. Patients with diabetes have twice the risk of developing periodontal disease compared with patients without diabetes. c. Patients with diabetes who have an HbA1c level above 9% have a decreased chance of developing periodontal disease. d. Periodontal disease is less severe and less virulent in patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes. 155. The coupling of advanced glycation end products and the receptor for advanced glycation end products has been shown to: a. Induce an inflammatory response within the gingival tissues. b. Promote the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. c. Produce an extended hypoglycemic state in the gingival tissues. d. Stimulate the ability of the periodontal tissue to repair itself. 156. In patients with diabetes, the collective ability of the neutrophils to locate, phagocytize (engulf), and destroy pathogenic periodontal bacteria is: c. Enhanced. d. Unknown. 157. The periodontal manifestations of diabetes include: a. A decreased rate of bone resorption. b. The enhanced formation of osteoclasts. c. An increased formation of osteoblasts. d. A decrease in the gingival index scores. 158. The reduced salivary flow among patients with diabetes may result in: a. Atrophy of the parotid glands. b. Less adherence of bacterial plaque to the teeth. c. Functional difficulties in patients who use dentures. d. A lower risk of developing dental caries and periodontal disease. 159. An appropriate treatment protocol for a patient with a denture who has developed a fungal infection is: a. Taking systemic antifungal medications only. b. Leaving denture adhesive residue inside the denture or on the tissue surface. c. Soaking the denture overnight in a liquid suspension of nystatin. d. Maintaining the tissue surface of the denture untreated. 160. Angular cheilitis is a fungal infection that: a. Occurs beneath upper dentures. b. Occurs at the commissures of the lips. c. Is associated with good glycemic control. d. Is associated with dentures with an adequate vertical dimension. 161. The ideal time of day for dental appointments for patients with diabetes is: a. Not affected. b. Compromised.
162. In cases in which a patient with type 1 diabetes will undergo full-mouth extractions, the dentist should: a. Proceed without regard to the patient’s glycemic control. b. Recommend that the patient take the same dose of insulin despite problems eating. c. Advise the patient to take no insulin on the day of the surgery. d. Consult with the patient’s physician before the procedure. 163. Restorative dentistry among patients with diabetes: a. Precludes the placement of implants. b. Allows for the margins of restorations to impinge on the biological width. c. Requires restorations that are conducive to maintaining optimal periodontal health. d. Requires the use of a local anesthetic containing epinephrine for every procedure, regardless of its duration. 164. Which of the following statements is true regarding the interactions of diabetic medications and medications used adjunctive to dentistry? a. Epinephrine in local anesthetics lowers blood glucose. b. Clindamycin will potentiate the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. c. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will negate the hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide. d. Acetaminophen is the recommended analgesic. 165. The broad-spectrum antibiotic that patients with type 2 diabetes should avoid because it may increase the hypoglycemic effect of metformin is: a. Penicillin. b. Amoxicillin. c. Clindamycin. d. Cephalexin. 166. Which emergency situation is a patient with diabetes most likely to experience during dental treatment? a. Cardiac arrest. b. Respiratory distress. b. Acetone breath. c. Warm, dry skin. d. Bradycardia. 168. A condition that occurs slowly and presents with signs and symptoms including warm and dry skin, a loss of mental acuity, a weak and rapid pulse, dyspnea, and fruity or sweet breath is: a. Insulin resistance. b. Glucagon resistance. c. Hypoglycemia. d. Hyperglycemia. 169. In the case of an unconscious hyperglycemic patient, the dentist must: a. Administer insulin. b. Administer oral glucose. c. Have the patient transported to the hospital. d. Withhold anesthetics for surgical procedures involving bleeding. c. Hyperglycemia, including dyspnea. d. Hypoglycemia, or insulin shock. 167. One sign of insulin shock is: a. Cold, clammy skin.
a. Early morning. b. Early afternoon. c. Late afternoon. d. Evening.
Course Code: DOH01DB
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