Antibiotics Review _ __________________________________________________________________________
THE SULFONAMIDES
Agent
Adult Dosing Range
Pediatric Dosing Range
Route
Common Side Effects
Comments
Short- to Medium-Acting Sulfadiazine
PO
Rash, pruritus Multiple drug interactions. Contraindicated in infants <2 mos of age.
2–4 g/day in 3 to 6 divided doses
>2 mos (initial): 75–150 mg/kg/day in 4 to 6 divided doses >2 mos (maintenance): 150 mg/kg/day in 4 to 6
divided doses Max: 6 g/day
Sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (TMP/SMX)
PO: 1–2 DS tablets every 12 to 24 hrs IV: 8–20 mg TMP/ kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses
>2 mos PO: 6–20 mg TMP/kg/day in 2 divided doses IV: 6–20 mg TMP/ kg/day every 12 to 24 hours Max single dose: 160 mg TMP/dose
PO, IV
Rash, pruritus Multiple drug interactions. Weight-based dosing
recommendations based on trimethoprim content.
Limited to GI Tract Sulfasalazine
RA: Initial: 0.5–1 g every 6 to 8 hrs Maintenance: 2 g/ day in divided doses UC: Initial: 3–4 g in evenly divided doses every 8 hours Titrate to 4–6 g in 4 divided doses Cream: Apply 1.6 mm thick layer to burn area every 12 or 24 hrs Solution: Wet dressing gauze every 4 hrs or as needed
>2 yrs: 40–60 mg/kg/ day in 3 to 6 divided doses
PO
Anorexia, headache, GI upset
Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to salicylates, sulfasalazine, sulfonamides, or mesalamine.
Topical Mafenide
Use adult dosing
Cream, powder for solution
Burning at application site, rash, allergic reaction
Used for treatment of second- and third-degree burns to prevent infection. Burn area should be covered with cream/wet at all times. Apply with sterile gloved hand. Combinations with fluoro- metholone, prednisolone, and phenylephrine are available, each with differ- ing dosing, indications, and contraindications. Common for ophthalmic and topical use.
Silver sulfadiazine Apply 1.6-mm layer to burn area once or twice daily
Use adult dosing
Cream
Rash, allergic reaction
Sulfacetamide
Dosage varies with the preparation.
Use adult dosing
Prepared in complex with other topical medications as a solution or ointment
Rash, local irritation
Prescribing information is given for comparison purposes only. The higher dosage ranges reflect dosages for more severe infections. Please consult the manufacturer’s package insert for the antibiotic for complete prescribing information, maximum dosages, and indications. DS = double strength; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; TMP = trimethoprim; UC = ulcerative colitis. Source: [6; 16] Table 7
110
EliteLearning.com/Dental
Powered by FlippingBook