Antibiotics Review _ __________________________________________________________________________
THE CEPHALOSPORINS
Agent
Adult Dosing Range
Pediatric Dosing Range
Route
Common Side Effects
Comments
1st Generation Cefadroxil
1–2 g/day in 2 divided doses
30 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses Max: 2 g/day >1 mo: 25–100 mg/kg/day divided every 6 to 8 hrs Max: 6 g/day >1 yr to <15 yrs: 25–100 mg/kg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses Max: 4 g/day >1 mo: 20–40 mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses Max: 1 g/day AAP recommendation: 30–50 mg/kg/dose every 12 hrs Max: 4,000 mg/day
PO Rash, diarrhea
Can interfere with some urine glucose tests.
Cefazolin
1–2 g every 8 hrs Max: 12 g/day
IV, IM Phlebitis at infusion site, seizure,rash, diarrhea PO GI upset, rash
Can interfere with some urine glucose tests.
Cephalexin
250–1,000 mg every 6 to 12 hrs Max: 4 g/day
Can interfere with some urine glucose tests.
2nd Generation Cefaclor
250–500 mg every 8 hrs
PO Rash, GI upset
Can interfere with some urine glucose tests.
Cefotetan
1–2 g every 12 hrs Max: 4–6 g/day
IV, IM Phlebitis at
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Can interfere with some urine glucose tests. Not recommended for treatment of community-acquired intra- abdominal infections. IM injection is painful. Can interfere with some urine glucose tests. In pediatrics, for group A beta- hemolytic streptococcal infections, antimicrobial therapy should be given for at least 10 days to guard against the risk of rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. Avoid use in phenylketonuria. Can interfere with some urine glucose tests. Tablets and oral suspension forms require different dose. Oral doses noted here are for tablet formulation. Higher doses can be used for severe infection. Iron and antacids can reduce absorption. Can interfere with some urine glucose tests. Interaction with proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, antacids. Contraindicated with milk protein allergy. Table 2 continues on next page.
infusion site, rash, GI upset
Cefoxitin
1–2 g every 6 to 8 hrs Max: 12 g/day
>3 mos: 80–160 mg/kg/day in 4 to 6 divided doses Max: 12 g/day
IV, IM Phlebitis at
infusion site, rash
Cefprozil
250–500 mg every 12 to 24 hrs
>6 mos: 7.5–20 mg/kg every 12 hrs >2 yrs: 7.5–15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses, or 20 mg/ kg every 24 hrs Max: 1 g/day PO: 20–30 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses IV, IM: 75–150 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses Max: 6 g/day 7 mg/kg/dose twice daily or 14 mg/kg/dose for 10 days Max: 600 mg/day Not studied for patients <12 yrs
PO Rash, GI upset, elevated liver enzymes
Cefuroxime
PO: 250–500 mg every 12 hrs for 10 days IV, IM: 0.5–1.5 g every 6 to 8 hrs Max: 6 g/day 300 mg every 12 hrs, or 600 mg every 24 hrs for 10 days 200–400 mg every 12 hrs for 10 to 14 days
PO, IV, IM
Phlebitis at infusion site, rash, GI upset
3rd Generation Cefdinir
PO Rash, diarrhea
Cefditoren
PO GI upset, headache
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