rigidity levels. The study showed that rigidity was significantly reduced after patients received 20 minutes of Trager therapy. New research about the role of massage in patients with PD may be forthcoming, following a 2006 announcement of grants for research about ways to improve the everyday lives of people References Part 1: 1. CDC. Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation— United States, 2003–2005. MMWR 2006;55(40):1089–92. 2. CDC. Prevalence of self-reported arthritis or chronic joint symptoms among adults—United States, 2001 MMWR 2002;51(42):948–50. 3. CDC. Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults—United States, 1999 . MMWR 2001;50:120–25. 4. Nevitt MC. Obesity outcomes in disease management: clinical outcomes for osteoarthritis. Obes Res 2002;10:33S–37S. 5. Hurley MV. The role of muscle weakness in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1999;25:283–98. 6. The best way to prevent osteoarthritis . (April 16, 2006). Johns Hopkins Health Alerts. http:// www.johnshopkinshealthalerts.com/alerts/arthritis/JohnsHopkinsArthritisHealthAlert_180-1. html. Accessed April 25, 2007. 7. Arthritis Foundation Self-Help Program. http://www.arthritis.org/events/getinvolved/ ProgramsServices/ArthritisSelfHelp.asp. Accessed April 26, 2007. 8. Christensen R, Astrup A, Bliddal H. Weight loss: the treatment of choice for knee osteoarthritis? A randomized trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005;13(1):20–27. 9. Altman RD, Hochberg MC, Moskowitcz RW, et al. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum . 2000;43:1905– 15. 10. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Questions and answers: NIH glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial (GAIT). (February 2006). http://nccam.nih. gov/research/results/gait/qa.htm. Accessed April 25, 2007. 11. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Massage therapy as CAM. (September 2006). http://nccam.nih.gov/health/massage/ Accessed April 26, 2007. 12. Which alternative treatments work? (August 2005). http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/ health-fitness/drugs-supplements/alternative-medicine-805/overview/index.htm. Accessed April 26, 2007. 13. Cherin DC, Sherman KJ, Deya RA, et al. A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and coast of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain. Ann Intern Med . 2003;138(11):898–906. 14. Perlman AI, Sabina A, Williams AL, et al. Massage therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:2533–38. 15. Engebretson J. Massage found effective for chronic hand arthritis. Massage Today 2006 ;6(12). Available at http://www.massagetoday.com/mpacms/mt/article.php?id=13519. Accessed April 26, 2007. Part 2 1. Casley-Smith JR. Alternations of untreated lymphedema and its grades over time. Lymphology 28(4):174–85. 2. Deo SV, Ray S, Rath GK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for development of lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Indian J Cancer . 2004;41(1):8–12. 3. Revis DR, Jr. Lymphedema (October 25, 2005). http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2722. htm. Accessed April 10, 2007. 4. Brennan JF. Lymphedema following the surgical treatment of breast cancer: a review of pathophysiology and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992;7(2):110–16. 5. Kelly DG. A Primer on Lymphedema. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.: 2002. 6. Heyloer LK. Obesity is a risk factor for developing lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Poster 2-6, presented at the 2006 Annual Symposium of the American Society of Breast Disease. 7. Jeanne AP, Ruby TS, Peters M, et al. Lymphedema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis. Cancer 2001;92(6):1368–77. 8. Thiadens SRJ. 18 steps to prevention revised: lymphedema risk-reduction practices. (July 2005). http://www.lymphnet.org/lymphedemaFAQs/riskReduction/riskReduction.htm. Accessed April 15, 2007. 9. 9. Society of Lymphology. Lymphology 2003;36:84–91.
with Parkinson’s. The London-based Parkinson’s Disease Society offered the grants to fund “research into practical improvements for the lives of people with Parkinson’s and their careers,” noting that the goal is to build a better picture of therapies people with PD use, such as acupuncture, yoga and body massage. 10. Chapman C. Lymphedema 101: what every therapist should know. Massage Therapy Journal 2001:39(4): 86–90. Part 3 : 1. Bennett, RM. Fibromyalgia and the disability dilemma. A new era in understanding a complex, multidimensional pain syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1627–34. 2. Bennett RM. Principles of treating fibromyalgia (n.d.). http://www.myhalgia.com/treatment/ treatment%20overview.htm. Accessed April 27, 2007. 3. Bazzichi L, Giannaccini G, Betti L, et al. Alteration of serotonin transporter density and activity in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8(4):R99. 4. Russell I, Orr MD, Littman B, et al., Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37(11):1593–601. 5. Bennett RM. Disordered growth hormone secretion in fibromyalgia: a review of recent findings and a hypothesized etiology. Z Rheumatol 1998;57 Suppl 2:72–76. 6. Paiva ES, Deodhar A, Jones KD, et al. Impaired growth hormone secretion in fibromyalgia patients: evidence for augmented hypothalamic somatostatin tone. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(5)1344–50. 7. McLean SA, Williams DA, Harris RE, et al . Momentary relationship between cortisol secretion and symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:3660–69. 8. Goldenberg DL, Simms RW, Geiger A, et al. High frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic fatigue seen in a primary care practice. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33(3): 381–87. 9. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of f: report of the multicenter criteria committee . Arthritis Rheum 1990;33(2):160–72. 10. Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome JAMA . 2004;292:2388–95. 11. O’Malley PG, Balden E, Tomkins G, et al. Treatment of fibromyalgia with antidepressants: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2000 (9):659–66. 12. Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, et al, for the Duloxetine Fibromyalgia Trial Group. A double- blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50(9):2974–84. 13. American College of Rheumatology. Fibromyalgia. (June 2006) http://www.rheumatology. org/public/factsheets/fibromya_new.asp. Accessed April 27, 2007. 14. Field T J, Diego M, Cullen C, et al. Fibromyalgia pain and substance P decrease and sleep improves after massage therapy. Clin Rheumatol . 2002 8(2):72–76 15. Sunshine W, Field T, Schanberg S, et al. Fibromyalgia benefits from massage therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation. J Clin Rheumatol 1996; 2:18– 22. Part 4: 1. Di Minno M, Aminoff JF. Overview of Parkinson Disease (n.d.). National Parkinson Foundation. http://www.parkinson.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=226&srcid=201. Accessed April 16, 2007. 2. University of California, San Francisco, Parkinson’s Disease Clinic and Research Center. Introduction to Parkinson’s Disease (n.d.). http://www.ucsf.edu/brain/pdcenter/intropdmod1. htm Accessed April 24, 2007. 3. Shobha SR, Hofmann LA, Shakil A. Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician 2006;74(12):2056-56. 4. TA Zesiewicz, M Gold, G Chari, RA Hauser. Current issues in depression in Parkinson’s disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;7:110–18. 5. Parkinson’s Disease Foundation. Medications and Treatments (n.d.). http://www.pdf.org/ AboutPD/med_treatment.cfm. Accessed April 24, 2007. 6. Fisher B, Yip J. Physical therapy for individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a paradigm shift (n.d.). http://www.parkinson.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=402&srcid=198. Accessed April 24, 2007. 7. Harnandez-Reif M, Field T, Largie S, et al. Parkinson’s disease symptoms are differentially affected by massage therapy vs. progressive muscle relaxation: a pilot study Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2002;6(3)177–82. 8. Duval C, Lafontaine D, Hebert J, et al. The effect of Trager therapy on the level of evoked stretch responses in patients with Parkinson’s disease and rigidity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002;25:7 455–64.
WORKING WITH CLIENTS WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Sheet found on page 100, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book
56. All of the following are theories proposed by researchers about how massage therapy may produce benefits in those with osteoarthritis EXCEPT: a. Stimulation from massage may help block pain signals to the brain. b. The interaction between the massage therapist and the patient can induce positive responses. c. Chemicals such as serotonin may be released by massage. d. Massage may stretch muscles to increase range of motion. 57. Which of the following is effective for knee arthritis? a. Quadriceps strengthening. b. Jogging on a path with wood chips. c. Surgical implant for deep brain stimulation. d. Yoga exercises. 58. For a woman who has had radiation for breast cancer, all of the following increase her risk of developing lymphedema EXCEPT: a. Aggressive massage. b. Gaining weight after her cancer diagnosis. c. Using the Jacuzzi. d. Having a mother or sister who had lymphedema.
59. The most common initial symptom of Parkinson’s disease is: a. Slowness of movement.
b. Tremor. c. Rigidity. d. A stooped posture. 60. Parkinson’s disease is caused by:
a. Overgrowth of cartilage in the spinal disks. b. Increased production of cortisol as a response to stress. c. Adverse effects of certain medications or illegal drugs. d. Reduction of the brain’s production of dopamine. 61. Slowness of movement is known as: a. Bradykinesia. b. Dyskinesia. c. Dystonia. d. Ataxia. 62. Which of the following medications is most effective for treating fibromyalgia? a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). b. Levodopera.
c. Antidepressants. d. Corticosteroids.
Course Code: MTX02WW21
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Book Code: MTX1323
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