You lead Jessica to a private conference room and emphasize that everything the two of you discuss will remain confidential. You preface your questions by stating, “I am worried about you, and would like to ask some questions about your current living conditions and situation so that I might help you.” Conclusion Clinicians, as “first contacts,” have an imperative to make a difference for their patients. Human trafficking poses many health risks, including physical injury, death, and/or long-lasting psychological damage. In the absence of validated tools to screen for victims of human trafficking, health care providers may need to consider implementing universal methods and Resources Texas Resources ● Texas Office of the Attorney General humantrafficking@oag.texas.gov 512-463-1646 ● Texas Child Protective Services 800-252-5400 ● Texas Department of Public Safety, Victim Services 512-424-2211 dps.texas.gov/administration/staff_support/victimservices/ pages/index.htm National Resources ● Coalition Against Trafficking in Women www.catwinternational.org References 1. Department of Justice. Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States, 2013-2017 . 2014. 2. National Human Trafficking Resource Center. Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking: What to look for in a healthcare setting. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/ endtrafficking/resource/fact-sheet-identifying-victims-of-human-trafficking. Published 2016. Accessed November 30, 2016. 3. International Organization for Migration. Caring for Trafficked Persons; Guidance for Health Providers . Geneva, Switzerland 2009. 4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Trafficking in persons: universally defined in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol . https://www.unodc.org/ documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/Annex_II_-_Definition_and_mandate.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2020. 5. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Human Trafficking vs. Human Smuggling . https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Report/2017/ CSReport-13-1.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2020. 6. Stop the Traffik. Sex trafficking vs sex work: understanding the difference . https://www.stopthetraffik.org/sex-trafficking-vs-sex-work-understanding- difference/. Accessed June 25, 2020. 7. United States Department of State. 2019 Trafficking in Persons Report . https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-trafficking-in-persons-report/. Accessed September 22, 2020. 8. Alpert EJ, Ahn R, Albright E, et al. Human Trafficking: Guidebook on Identification, Assessment, and Response in the Health Care Setting . Boston MA: MGH Human Trafficking Initiative, Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital;2014. 9. Baldwin SB, Eisenman DP, Sayles JN, Ryan G, Chuang KS. Identification of human trafficking victims in health care settings. Health Hum Rights. 2011;13(1):E36-49. 10. United States Congress. Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 . https:// www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-114s178enr/pdf/BILLS-114s178enr.pdf. Published 2015. Accessed January 9 2017. 11. Texas Human Trafficking Prevention Task Force. Report to the Texas Legislature December 2020 . https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1402173/. Accessed May 17, 2022. 12. Busch-Armendariz NB, Nale NL, Kammer-Kerwick M, et al. H uman Trafficking by the Numbers: The Initial Benchmark of Prevalence and Economic Impact for Texas . Institute on Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault, University of Texas at Austin; 2016.
1. Take a moment to consider how you might respond if Jessica refuses to answer any further questions. 2. Take a moment to consider ways you could help Jessica if she did indeed admit to being a victim of human trafficking.
policies to create a safe environment for all patients. Clinicians who encounter a trafficked person or other exploited individual have a unique opportunity to provide essential medical care and supportive referral options that may be an individual’s first step towards safety and recovery.
● Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org ● SOAR to Health and Wellness acf.hhs.gov/endtrafficking/initiatives/soar ● HEAL Trafficking https://healtrafficking.org
● Caring for Trafficked Persons: A Guide for Health Providers http://publications.iom.int/books/caring-trafficked-persons- guidance-health-providers ● National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) Hotline (24/7): 1-888-373-7888 http://traffickingresourcecenter.org/ ● Polaris Project www.polarisproject.org 13. National Human Trafficking Hotline. Texas Statistics . https:// humantraffickinghotline.org/state/texas. Accessed May 17,2022. 14. Emergency Nurses Association. Joint Position Statement: Human Trafficking Awareness in the Emergency Care Setting . https://www.ena.org/docs/ default-source/resource-library/practice-resources/position-statements/ humantraffickingpatientawareness. Accessed September 22, 2020. 15. American Medical Association. Policy Statement: Physicians Response to Victims of Human Trafficking H-65-966 . https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/ policyfinder/detail/H-65.966?uri=%2FAMADoc%2FHOD.xml-0-5095.xml. Published 2015. Accessed September 22, 2020. 16. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Human Trafficking. Committee Opinion No. 507. Obstet Gynecol . 2011;118:767-770. 17. Harrison SL, Atkinson HG, Newman CB, et al. Position Paper on the sex trafficking of women and girls in the United States. American Medical Women's Association . 2014. 18. Trossman S. The Costly Business of Human Trafficking. American Nurse Today . 2008;3(12). 19. Lederer LJ, Wetzel CA. The health consequences of sex trafficking and their implications for identifying victims in healthcare facilities. Annals of Health Law . 2014;23:61-91. 20. Wong JC, Hong J, Leung P, Yin P, Stewart DE. Human trafficking: an evaluation of Canadian medical students' awareness and attitudes. Educ Health (Abingdon) . 2011;24(1):501. 21. Chisolm-Straker M, Richardson L. Assessment of Emergency Department (ED) Provider Knowledge about Human Trafficking Victims in the ED (Abstract). Academic Emergency Medicine . 2007;14(5S):S134. 22. Dovydaitis T. Human trafficking: the role of the health care provider. J Midwifery Womens Health . 2010;55(5):462-467. 23. Grace AM, Lippert S, Collins K, et al. Educating health care professionals on human trafficking. Pediatr Emerg Care . 2014;30(12):856-861. 24. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. TIP 57: Trauma- Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services . https://store.samhsa.gov/ product/TIP-57-Trauma-Informed-Care-in-Behavioral-Health-Services/SMA14- 4816. Accessed September 22, 2020.
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