8. Understand termination. Know the difference between termination and abandonment. Provide pretermination counseling for clarity and involve the client in the plan. Abandonment occurs when treatment ends abruptly and inappropriately. Treatment can be discontinued if the client: c. No longer needs therapy d. Threatens the therapist 9. Base interventions on all available evidence. a. Know the referral question. b. Be clear about limitations of findings and treatment. Conclusion California-licensed psychologists have a responsibility to stay up to date on the California laws and Board of Psychology rules that affect the practice of psychology. While these generally remain stable, there are occasional revisions and updates. This course provided a summary of the laws and rules that govern the profession in the state. Psychologists are encouraged to periodically review the full text of each, particularly at the conclusion of legislative sessions. a. Is not benefitting from therapy b. May be harmed by the treatment Psychologists will face many situations during their careers that will require them to make a judgement about the best course of action. Conflicts between ethics and law, competing values, References American Psychological Association. (2007). Record keeping guidelines. American Psychologist , 62 (9), 993-1004. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/record- keeping. pdf American Psychological Association. (2017, January). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct . https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code- 2017.pdf American Psychological Association. (2022) Ethics Code Task Force. https://www.apa.org/ ethics/task-force California Board of Psychology. (2021). Title 16 CCR Section 1396.8: Standards of practice for telehealth services. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/telepsychology_notice_of_ approval.pdf California Board of Psychology. (2022). Laws and regulations, 2022 edition. https://www. psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/2022lawsregs.pdf California Board of Psychology. (2022). Summer Journal. The Newsletter of the California Board of Psychology, 34 , 1-16. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/forms_pubs/summer2022.pdf California Board of Psychology. (2022). Telehealth FAQ. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/ laws_regs/telehealth_faq.shtml California Board of Psychology. (2022). Title 16 CCR Section 1381: Retired license. https:// www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/retired_status_mt.pdf California Board of Psychology. (2022). Title 16 CCR Section 1392: Psychologist fees. https:// www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/fee_increase_reg.shtml California Board of Psychology. (2022). Title 16 CCR Section 1397: Continuing professional development. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/cpd_reg_advisory.shtml California Board of Psychology. (2022). Title 16 CCR Section 1397.67.1: Continuing professional development requirements for reactivation. https://www.psychology.ca.gov/ laws_regs/cpd_noa_400_ooa.pdf California Department of Consumer Affairs Board of Psychology. (n.d.) Legislation . https:// www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/legislation.shtml California Department of Consumer Affairs Board of Psychology. (n.d.) Regulations . https:// www.psychology.ca.gov/laws_regs/regulations.shtml California Legislative Information. (2022). AB107 Chapter 693—Licensure: Veterans and military spouses. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml? bill_ id=202120220AB107 California Legislative Information. (2022). AB468: Emotional support animals. https://leginfo. legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB468 California Legislative Information. (2022). AB2754 Chapter 163—Psychology: Supervision. https://leginfo. legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml? bill_id=202120220AB2754 California Legislative Information. (2022). SB221 Chapter 724—Health care coverage: Timely access to care. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml? bill_ id=202120220SB221
c. When using tests, stay up to date, use appropriate tests, personally evaluate the client, and make sure the assessment is thorough enough to answer the referral question. 10. Be accurate in billing. a. Only bill for services actually provided and use the correct procedure codes. b. Use the correct diagnosis, even if the client requests a different diagnosis. c. Be conscientious in collecting fees. d. Be cautious when collecting delinquent accounts. ethics and organization policies, and personal morals are not uncommon. The APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct are summarized in this course, and they provide the foundation for recognizing potential ethical dilemmas. While they provide invaluable guidance, they cannot address every situation. It is the responsibility of the psychologist to understand and apply these standards to the best of their ability. Use of a model or framework for ethical decision making can help the psychologist navigate the complexities of ethical dilemmas in order to achieve the best possible outcome for their client. California Legislative Information. (2022). Senate Bill No. 401 Chapter 298. https://leginfo. legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB401 California Legislative Information. (2022). SB1428: Psychological testing technicians. https:// ctweb.capitoltrack.com/Bills/21Bills/sen/sb_1401-1450/sb_1428_97_E_bill.pdf Cheneville, T., & Schwartz-Mette, R. (2020). Ethical considerations for psychologists in the time of COVID-19. American Psychologist, 75 (5), 644-654. https://psycnet.apa.org/ fulltext/2020-35285-001.pdf Frittgen, E. M., & Haltaufderdeide, J. (2022) Can you hear me? Communication, relationship, and ethics in video-based telepsychiatric consultations. Journal of Medical Ethics, 48, 22-30. https://jme.bmj.com/content/48/1/22 Hailes, H. P., Ceccolini, E. G., & Liang B. (2021). Ethical guidelines for social justice in psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice , 52 (1), 1-11. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/339085286 Jain, S., & Roberts, L. W. (2009). Ethics in psychotherapy: A focus on professional boundaries and confidentiality practices. Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 32 (2), 299-314. https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19486815/ Johnson, M. K., Weeks, S. N., Peacock, G. G., & Rodrigue, M. D. (2022). Ethical decision- making models: A taxonomy of models and review of issues. https://doi.org/10.1080/1050 8422.2021.1913593 Ling, T. J., & Hauck, J. M. (2016). The ETHICS model: Comprehensive, ethical decision- making. VISTAS Online. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default- source/vistas/the-ethics- model.pdf Novotney, A. (2016). 5 ways to avoid malpractice. APA Monitor , 47 (3), 56. https://www.apa. org/monitor/2016/03/malpractice Pope, K. S., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (2008). A practical approach to boundaries in psychotherapy: Making decisions, bypassing blunders, and mending fences. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 64 (5), 638-652. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18386835/ Pope, K. S. (2022). Ethical standards and practice guidelines for assessment, therapy, counseling, and forensic practice . https://www.kspope.com/ethcodes/index.php Riggin, B. M., & Lack, C. W. (2018). Ethical decision-making models across mental health treatment: A review and expansion. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 14, 1-7. https://www. researchgate.net/publication/327179778 Roberts, L. W., & Termuehlen, G. (2021, December). Special report: Ethical decision- making in contemporary psychiatric practice. An evolving challenge. Psychiatric News . https:// psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.1.22 Smith, D. (2003). 10 ways practitioners can avoid frequent ethical pitfalls. APA Monitor, 34 (1), 50. https://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/10ways
LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND ETHICS FOR CALIFORNIA PSYCHOLOGISTS Self-Assessment Answers and Rationales
1. The correct answer is A . Rationale: Effective January 1, 2023, psychologists must obtain four hours of continuing education in the area of laws and ethics as they apply to the practice of psychology every biennial renewal period. 2. The correct answer is B. Rationale: SB 221 Chapter 724—Healthcare Coverage: Timely Access to Care states that health plans must ensure a follow-up appointment within 10 business days of the prior appointment for those undergoing a course of treatment for an ongoing mental health or substance use disorder condition, except when the provider believes that a longer wait time is appropriate.
3. The correct answer is D. Rationale: The principle of justice states that psychologists have a responsibility to be fair, to be impartial, to treat people equally, and to apply equal quality of services to their clients. 4. The correct answer is B. Rationale: Standard 2: Competence. These rules discuss working within the boundaries of one’s competence. They also discuss providing services in an emergency—even if they are outside your scope—so that services are not denied. Rule 2.02 states that a referral should then be made as soon as appropriate. 5. The correct answer is C. Rationale: Boundary crossings are minor deviations from practice that are not harmful to or exploitive of the client and may potentially be therapeutic.
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