● Quaternary ammonium compounds. These are mostly found in disinfectants and can irritate skin, nose and may cause asthma. ● Styrene. Styrene is used in hair extension and wig glue. This can cause vision problems, trouble concentrating and tiredness. Cancer is a potential long-term effect of styrene. ● Trichlorethylene. This is also found in hair extension and wig glue and can cause dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea, eye and skin irritation. Potential long- term effects are lover damage, kidney damage, dermatitis and double vision. ● P-phenylenediamine. This is used in hair dyes, and black henna colors. This can cause skin irritation and dermatitis. ● Ammonium persulfate. Hair bleach contains ammonium persulfate. This can cause eye, skin, and nose irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, asthma and dermatitis. ● Ethyl Methacrylate. This chemical is found in artificial nails and may cause eye and skin irritation, rashes on eyelids, face and neck, difficulty concentrating, coughing, shortness of breath and asthma. ● Acetonitrile. This is found in nail glue remover and may cause eye, skin and throat irritation, face flush, chest tightness and nausea. It also may cause weakness and exhaustion. ● Butyl/ethyl/isopropyl acetate. This is found in nail polish, nail polish remover and wig glue. They may cause eye, skin, and throat irritation, headaches and dizziness. ● Methacrylic acid. This is used in nail primer and eyelash glue. This may cause skin burns, eye, nose and throat irritation. Potential long-term effects can be kidney damage, dermatitis and reproductive effects. ● Toluene. Toluene can be in nail polish and nail glue. Toluene can cause dry and cracked skin, headaches, dizziness, numbness, irritated eyes, nose, throat and lungs. It can also cause damage to the lung and kidneys and be harmful for unborn children during pregnancy. Toluene, formaldehyde, and dibutyl phthalate are referred to as the toxic trio. chemical odor, most of these chemicals cause irritation to the eyes, lungs and throat and lead to other health effects. Some studies have noted that during certain services in a hair salon such as perms, hair bleaching, and acrylic nails, the chemical levels have peaked. Nail salons in particular have a different set of chemicals that are detected. These are components of nail products which are different than hair products. Studies of nail salons detect acetone, toluene, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl methacrylate at high levels (Women’s Voice 2014). The quality of ventilation seems to make an impact on the monitoring levels. This is a key factor that better ventilated salons have lower levels. A study also found that nail salons that have tables with local exhaust ventilation technology can potentially reduce the hazardous exposure by 50%.
● Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethylamine (TEA). This is used in foaming agents and synthetic emulsifiers. It is highly acidic and can cause allergic reactions, eye irritation and dryness of hair and skin. ● Dibutyl Phthalate. This can be found in nail polish and used in synthetic fragrances and some plastics. This can cause liver, kidney and lung damage. It can also cause irritation to the eyes, stomach and upper respiratory system. The potential long- term effects can be reproductive and birth defects. ● Parabens (Methyl, Propyl, Butyl, and Ethyl). These can be found in shampoo, moisturizers, shaving gels, spray tanning solutions, makeup and toothpaste. Parabens are estrogenic and can be disruptive of normal hormone function . Exposure is linked to breast cancers and skin and allergic reactions. ● Naphtha. This is also known as coal tar and is used in synthetic colors and dyes to make the product look pretty. They are heavy metal salts and deposit toxins onto the skin and can be carcinogenic. They irritate the eyes, skin and nose and may cause dizziness, drowsiness and dermatitis. ● Propylene Glycol. This is a synthetic petrochemical used as an emulsifying base used in lotion and creams. This ages the skin faster and leads to poor, saggy skin. This chemical is also used in brake and hydraulic fluid and can cause allergic reactions and damage to the kidneys and liver. ● Ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate is in nail polish, nail polish remover and nail glue. Effects of expose could be irritated eyes, stomach, skin, nose, mouth and throat. High levels of ethyl acetate can cause fainting. ● Formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can be found in nail polish and nail hardener. The health effects from formaldehyde can be difficulty breathing, coughing, asthma like attacks, wheezing, allergic reactions, irritated eyes, skin and throat. It may also cause cancer. ● Isopropyl acetate. This is in nail polish and nail polish remover. Isopropyl acetate exposure could cause sleepiness, irritated eyes, nose and throat. Air quality Research studies have been conducted on indoor air monitoring and quality in salons. These studies research the hazardous chemicals in the air that the salon workers and the clients breathe. Both hair and nail salons use products that are made from chemicals that emit gas into the air of the salon. Even though the levels of the chemicals that are detected do not exceed the regulatory occupational health guidelines, many feel these guidelines are outdated and do not protect the workers’ health. The data from the air monitoring studies have routinely shown that the certain chemicals that are present in the salon are at disproportionately higher levels in salons than other workplaces. Several air monitoring studies of hair salons have found elevated levels of ethanol, isopropanol, ammonia, toluene, and similar volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), as well as thioglycolates, persulfates and fragrance ingredients. In addition to the strong Reduce exposure 1. Ensure good ventilation and increased ventilation in the salon. 2. Keep trash cans and their lids tightly closed. 3. Use small amounts of the product when providing services. 4. Wear nitrile gloves and protective clothing. 5. Wash hands before and after use of any products. 6. Salons should have a ceiling vent which should be turned on during working hours. 7. Always keep the exhaust system and fan on. 8. If the salon does not have an exhaust fan, keep the HVAC system during work hours. ○ Open doors and windows.
HOW TO REDUCE EXPOSURE
○ Place fans near doors and windows. Fans should pull the fresh air in at one end of the salon and push outside on the other end. 9. Install nail tables with built in local exhaust fans. Product substitutions and remedies 1. Use products with the least amount of hazardous chemicals. 2. Look for chemical free, acetone free and non-toxic products. 3. Look for the “3 free." These products are made without the toxic trio- Formaldehyde, toluene, and dibutyl phthalate. 4. Choose acid free chemicals. Some primers can be made without chemicals like methacrylic acid. They are labeled “acid free.”
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Book Code: CFL1024
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