Substance Use Disorders and Pain Management: MATE Act Training _ _______________________________
Environmental Stimuli The expected drug effect and the setting of use (context of administration) play important roles in the social learning of drug use. Opioids and other drugs that increase dopamine turnover lead to conditional responses, and use may become conditioned to the activities of daily living. As a result, envi- ronmental stimuli can become powerfully associated with substance use, which can trigger cravings for the drug [13]. The visibility of pharmaceutical marketing and advertising of medications may also play a role by changing the attitudes toward ingestion of these agents [13]. For youth, a social learning aspect to drug use is likely, based on the modeling of drug use by adults in their families and social networks [13]. SCREENING A variety of screening and assessment tools are available, with applicability for various substances, patient populations, and screening environments ( Table 1 ).
Adverse childhood experiences, particularly sexual abuse, family rejection, and parental neglect, are independent risk factors for substance use disorders [11]. Adverse childhood experiences are linked with depression in adulthood, which itself is a risk factor for substance use disorder. This correlation can be modulated by resilience, which can also be a result of adverse childhood experiences. Other Mental Disorders Mental disorders can contribute to substance use and sub- stance use disorders. Certain psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder, have been linked to substance misuse, likely a form of self-medication. Additionally, brain changes in people with mental disorders may enhance the rewarding effects of substances, making it more likely they will continue to use the substance [12].
SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT TOOLS CHART
Tool
Substance Type
Patient Age
Administration Method
Alcohol
Drugs
Adults
Adolescents
Self- Administered
Clinician- Administered
Screening Tools Screening to Brief Intervention (S2BI) Brief Screener for Alcohol, Tobacco, and other Drugs (BSTAD) Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS) Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for Youth: A Practitioner's Guide (NIAAA)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Opioid Risk Tool – OUD (ORT-OUD) Chart
X
X
X
Assessment Tools Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS)
X
X
X
X
X
CRAFFT
X
X X
X
X X
X X
Drug Abuse Screen Test (DAST-10) a Drug Abuse Screen Test (DAST-20: Adolescent version) a Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for Youth: A Practitioner's Guide (NIAAA) a Tools with associated fees Source: [14]
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Table 1
42
MDNJ1525
Powered by FlippingBook