AI in Healthcare _ ___________________________________________________________________________
completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABIM MOC credit. Completion of this course constitutes permission to share the completion data with ACCME. Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes par- ticipation in the evaluation component, enables the learner to earn credit toward the CME and Self-Assessment requirements of the American Board of Surgery’s Continuous Certification program. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to sub- mit learner completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABS credit. This activity has been approved for the American Board of Anes- thesiology’s ® (ABA) requirements for Part II: Lifelong Learning and Self-Assessment of the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) redesigned Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiol- ogy Program ® (MOCA ® ), known as MOCA 2.0 ® . Please consult the ABA website, www.theABA.org, for a list of all MOCA 2.0 requirements. Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program ® and MOCA ® are registered certification marks of the American Board of Anesthesiology ® . MOCA 2.0 ® is a trade- mark of the American Board of Anesthesiology ® . Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the activity with individual assessments of the participant and feedback to the participant, enables the partici- pant to earn 3 MOC points in the American Board of Pediat- rics’ (ABP) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. It is the CME activity provider’s responsibility to submit participant completion information to ACCME for the purpose of granting ABP MOC credit. This activity has been designated for 3 Lifelong Learning (Part II) credits for the American Board of Pathology Continuing Cer- tification Program. Through an agreement between the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education and the Royal College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Canada, medical practitioners participat- ing in the Royal College MOC Program may record completion of accredited activities registered under the ACCME’s “CME in Support of MOC” program in Section 3 of the Royal College’s MOC Program. About the Sponsor The purpose of NetCE is to provide challenging curricula to assist healthcare professionals to raise their levels of expertise while fulfilling their continuing education requirements, thereby improving the quality of healthcare. Our contributing faculty members have taken care to ensure that the information and recommendations are accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The publisher disclaims any liability, loss or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents. Participants are cautioned about the potential risk of using limited knowledge when integrat- ing new techniques into practice. Disclosure Statement It is the policy of NetCE not to accept commercial support. Fur- thermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners.
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence, or AI, is an umbrella term that refers to a field of computer sciences that focuses on the use of comput- ers, technology, and intelligence systems to simulate human thinking activities and execute human-level problem-solving [1; 2]. AI has been employed to improve diagnosis, facilitate and expedite the discovery of new drugs, organize and manage healthcare data, and perform surgery [3]. In the area of mental health care, AI can be used to enhance the patient experience by automating schedule reminders, sending out personalized health tips and recommendations, offering chatbots and virtual assistants to talk to individuals who may be in distress or in crisis, and performing risk assessments [3; 4]. Despite AI’s growth, many health and mental health profes- sionals are not familiar with AI applications and how they can be specifically integrated and applied in their day-to-day practices. Furthermore, it is often viewed with ambivalence. The goal of the course is to provide health and mental health- care professionals a basic overview of artificial intelligence and its current applications in the health mental health sectors. A discussion of the facilitators and barriers to its use will be presented. In addition, the array of limitations and challenges presented by AI technology will be explored.
AN OVERVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
DEFINITION As noted, AI is an umbrella term that generally refers to the use of computers, technology, and intelligence systems to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making [1; 2; 5]. AI technology gives computers cognitive abilities to complete tasks that humans generally perform, such as perceiving, learning, recognizing, predicting, and generating rules [6]. For example, when the AI application ChatGPT is provided with a prompt (i.e., “Outline the differences between ice cream and sorbet”), it will generate the outline based on research conducted via Internet search. It can also help authors with their writing tone. For example, an author can upload several paragraphs to ChatGPT, which can then edit the paragraphs so that they sound less technical and more informal and humorous. Voice- activated searches on smartphones are also an example AI—a search task that once required human performance but now can be conducted via technology that is activating via voice. It is estimated that half of cell phone users use voice-activated searches daily [7]. MARKET OVERVIEW The AI market is projected to grow to $407 billion by 2027, a huge increase compared with the $86 billion revenue reported in 2022 [7]. In 2024, it was estimated that AI in the healthcare
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