Healthcare-Associated Infections-works cited

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The incidence of infectious complications of central venous catheters at the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral sites in an intensive care unit population. Crit Care Med . 2005;33(1):13-20. 252. Maki DG, Knasinski V, Halvorson K, Tambyah PA. A novel silver-hydrogel-impregnated indwelling urinary catheter reduces CAUTIs: a prospective double-blind trial [abstract]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 1998;19:682. 253. Darouiche RO, Raad II, Heard SO, et al. A comparison of two antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. N Engl J Med . 1999;340(1):1-8 254. Brun-Buisson C, Doyon F, Sollet JP, Cochard JF, Cohen Y, Nitenberg G. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection with newer chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-coated catheters: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med . 2004;30(5):837-843. 255. Wang H, Tong H, Liu H, et al. Effectiveness of antimicrobial-coated central venous catheters for preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections with the implementation of bundles: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Intensive Care . 2018;8(1):71. 256. Cobrado L, Silva-Dias A, Azevedo MM, Rodrigues A. Anti-Candida activity of antimicrobial impregnated central venous catheters. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control . 2017;6:110. 257. National Healthcare Safety Network. Bloodstream Infection Event (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection and Non-central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/4psc_clabscurrent.pdf. Last accessed January 15, 2025. 258. Safdar N, Fine JP, Maki DG. Meta-analysis: methods for diagnosing intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. Ann Intern Med . 2005;142(6):451-466. 259. Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis . 2009;49(1):1-45. 260. Raad I. Management of intravascular catheter-related infections. J Antimicrob Chemother . 2000;45(3):267-270. 261. Morrell M, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: a potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2005;49(9):3640-3645. 262. Hsu RB. Risk factors for nosocomial infective endocarditis in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2005;26(7):654-657. 263. Krein SL, Hofer TP, Kowalski CP, et al. Use of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection prevention practices by U.S. hospitals. Mayo Clin Proc . 2007;82(6):672-678. 264. Warren DK, Cosgrove SE, Kiekema DJ, et al. A multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2006;27(7):662-669. 265. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. How-to Guide: Prevent Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections . Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement; 2012. 266. Shapey IM, Foster MA, Whitehouse T, et al. Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections: improving post-insertion catheter care. J Hosp Infect . 2009;71(2):117-122. 267. Guerin K, Wagner J, Rains K, Bessesen M. Reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections by implementation of a postinsertion care bundle. Am J Infect Control . 2010;38(6):430-433. 268. Warren DK, Yokow DS, Climo MW, et al. Preventing catheter-associated bloodstream infections: a survey of policies for insertion and care of central venous catheters from hospitals in the Prevention Epicenter Program. Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol . 2006;27(1):8-13. 269. Foka M, Nicolaou E, Kyprianou T, et al. Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections through educational interventions in adult intensive care units: a systematic review. Cureus . 2021;13(8):e17293. 270. Sunenshine RH, McDonald LC. Clostridium difficile -associated disease: new challenges from an established pathogen. Clev Clin J Med . 2006;73(2):187-197. 271. McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from U.S. short-stay hospitals, 1996–2003. Emerging Infect Dis . 2006;12(3):409-415. 272. McDonald LC. Clostridium difficile : responding to a new threat from an old enemy Infect Cont Hosp Epidemiol . 2005;26(8):672-675. 273. Zilberberg MD, Shorr AF, Kollef MH. Increase in adult Clostridium difficile -related hospitalizations and case-fatality rate, United States, 2000– 2005. Emerg Infect Dis . 2008;14(6):929-931. 274. Johnson S, Lavergne V, Skinner AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): 2021 focused update guidelines on management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults. Clin Infect Dis . 2021;73(5):e1029-e1044. 275. Gerding DN, Muto CA, Owens RC Jr. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Infect Dis . 2008;46(Suppl 1):S32-S42. 276. Dubberke ER, Gerding DN, Classen D, Arias KM. Strategies to prevent Clostridium difficile infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2008;29(Suppl 1):S81-S92.

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