56. Morris AC, Hay AW, Swann DG, et al. Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care: impact of implementing a care bundle. Crit Care Med . 2011;39(10):2218-2224. 57. Zack J. Zeroing in on zero tolerance for central line-associated bactermia. Am J Infect Control . 2008;36(10):S176:e1-e2. 58. Galpern D, Guerrero A, Tu A, Fahoum B, Wise L. Effectiveness of a central line bundle campaign on line-associated infections in the intensive care unit. Surgery . 2008;144(4):492-495. 59. Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, et al. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med . 2006;355(26):2725-2732. 60. Yokoe DS, Classen. Improving patient safety through infection control: a new healthcare imperative. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2008;29(Suppl 1):S3-S11. 61. Curtis LT. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect . 2008;69(3):204-219. 62. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Patient Safety Network. 5 Million Lives Campaign. Available at https://psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/5- million-lives-campaign. Last accessed January 15, 2025. 63. Lee GM, Kleinman K, Soumerai SB, et al. Effect of nonpayment for preventable infections in U.S. hospitals. N Engl J Med . 2012;367(15):1428- 1437. 64. Lee GM, Hartmann CW, Graham D, et al. Perceived impact of the Medicare policy to adjust payment for health care-associated infections. Am J Infect Control . 2012;40(4):314-319. 65. Edmond M, Eickhoff TC. Who is steering the ship? External influences on infection control programs. Clin Infect Dis . 2008;46(11):1746-1750. 66. Safdar N, Abad C. Educational interventions for prevention of healthcare-associated infection: a systematic review. Crit Care Med . 2008;36(3):933-940. 67. Welsh CA, Flanagan ME, Hoke SC, Doebbeling BN, Herwaldt L, Reducing health care-associated infections (HAIs): lessons learned from a national collaborative of regional HAI programs. Am J Infect Control . 2012;40(1):29-34. 68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/. Last accessed January 15, 2025. 69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. Eliminating Healthcare-Associated Infections. State Policy Options . Arlington, VA: Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; 2011. 70. Porter RS. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy . 20th ed. Merck and Co., Inc.; 2018. 71. wood TE, Goldberg MB. Molecular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. In: Loscalzo J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL J (eds). Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine . 21th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2022: 948-959. 72. Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis . 2007;44(2):159-177. 73. Joint Commission Accreditation. 2025 Comprehensive Accreditation Manuals . Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 2024. 74. Spellberg B, Guidos R, Gilbert D, et al. The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis . 2008;46(2):155-164. 75. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis . 2009;48(1):1-12. 76. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Benjamin DK Jr, et al. 10 x ‘20 progress—development of new drugs active against gram-negative bacilli: an update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis . 2013;56(12):1685-1694. 77. Safdar N, Maki DG. The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus , gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile , and Candida . Ann Intern Med . 2002;136(11):834-844. 78. Sydnor ERM, Perl TM. Hospital epidemiology and infection control in acute-care settings. Clin Microbiol Rev . 2011;24(1):141-173. 79. Raymond DP, Pelletier SJ, Crabtree TD, Evans HL, Pruett TL, Sawyer RG. Impact of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli infections on outcome in hospitalized patients. Crit Care Med . 2003;31(4):1035-1041. 80. Roberts RR, Hota B, Ahmad I, et al. Hospital and societal costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in a Chicago teaching hospital: implications for antibiotic stewardship. Clin Infect Dis . 2009;49(8):1175-1184. 81. Weiner LM, Webb AK, Limbago B, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011–2014. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2016;37(11):1288-1301. 82. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-Associated Infections. HAI Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Report, 2018– 2021. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/hai-report/data-tables-adult/index.html. Last accessed January 15, 2025. 83. Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae : a potential threat. JAMA . 2008;300(24):2911-2913. 84. Lledo W, Hernandez M, Lopez E, et al. Guidance for control of infections with carbapenem-resistant or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in acute care facilities. MMWR . 2009;58(10):256-260. 85. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-Associated Infections. Current HAI Progress Report. 2023 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report: Executive Summary. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/ php/data/progress-report.html? Last accessed January 15, 2025. 86. Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis . 2011;52(3):e18-e55.
Powered by FlippingBook