_______________________________________ Hyperlipidemias and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
31. Which of the following statements regarding HDLs is TRUE? (A) HDLs are the largest lipoproteins. (B) The protein content of HDLs is 33%. (C) HDL removes cholesterol from the periphery and transports it to the kidneys. (D) The two most important subclasses of HDL express either Apo A-II alone or both Apo A-I and A-II. 32. Research has shown that moderate-to-high HDL levels may help to prevent ASCVD. The main goal for patients with hyperlipidemias should be to
38. The 2018 and 2019 AHA/ACC guideline recommendations for a heart-healthy dietary pattern include all of the following, EXCEPT: (A) Low-fat dairy products (B) Increased calories from trans fats (C) Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (D) No more than 5% to 6% of calories from saturated fats 39. Which of the following statements regarding lipid management through lifestyle change is TRUE? (A) Lipid lowering goals can usually be achieved on one’s own. (B) Lipid lowering through diet and exercise will not reduce the risk for ASCVD and mortality. (C) Successful lipid control usually requires instruction by a dietitian or other knowledgeable healthcare professional. (D) In patients with high cardiovascular risk and/or very
(A) increase HDL levels. (B) decrease LDL levels. (C) increase triglyceride levels. (D) All of the above
33. As primary hyperlipidemia progresses, the following signs and symptoms develop, EXCEPT: (A) obesity. (B) lipemic plasma. (C) eruptive xanthomas. (D) severe hypertriglyceridemia. 34. With an incidence greater than 25% in the United States, the most common form of hyperlipidemia is (A) atherogenic dyslipidemia.
high LDL, medication therapy should be initiated if lifestyle changes are not effective within a two- to three- month period.
40. Bile acids are the source of what percentage of cholesterol in the intestine?
(A) 25% (B) 50% (C) 75% (D) 100%
(B) familial hypertriglyceridemia. (C) familial hypercholesterolemia. (D) polygenic hypercholesterolemia (or nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia).
41. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe can increase the efficacy of what other treatment by 25%?
(A) Statins (B) Niacin (C) Fish oil (D) Fibrates (E)
35. Secondary hyperlipidemias can be precipitated by the use of certain medication treatments. These treatments include estrogen therapy, atypical antipsychotics, corticosteroids, and
42. Of the following, which statin is among the most effective in its class?
(A) statins. (B) fibrates. (C) thiazides. (D) antioxidants.
(A) Lovastatin (B) Fluvastatin (C) Pravastatin (D) Simvastatin
36. Secondary hyperlipidemia with elevated cholesterol is the main dyslipidemia in patients with (A) obesity. (B) alcohol abuse. (C) chronic renal failure. (D) hormone replacement therapy.
43. In addition to lowering lipid levels, statins are thought to have all of the following pleiotropic
effects, EXCEPT: (A) neuroprotection.
(B) modulation of endothelial function. (C) an increase in vascular inflammation. (D) immunomodulation by inhibition of major histocompatibility complex II expression.
37. The primary goal of lipid therapy in high-risk patients is to reduce LDL cholesterol by
(A) 10%. (B) 25%. (C) 40%. (D) 50% or more.
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