Commercial Sex Trafficking. Commercial sex trafficking may include the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining a person for sexual services (Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-a). This type of trafficking involves a commercial sex act that is induced by force, fraud, or coercion or in which the person under the age of 18 years of age is induced to perform such an act (Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-a). Commercial sex act is any sex act when anything of value is given to or received by any person(Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-a). ● Youth with intellectual or physical disabilities. ● Youth with mental health or substance abuse disorders. ● Youth with a history of sexual abuse. ● Youth with a history of being involved in the welfare system. ● Youth who identify as native or aboriginal. ● Youth with family dysfunction. ● Lying about or not being aware of their true age. ● Having no knowledge of personal data such as age, name, or date of birth. ● Having no identification. ● Wearing sexually provocative clothing. ● Wearing new clothes of any style, getting hair or nails done with no financial means. ● Secrecy about whereabouts. ● Having late nights or unusual hours. ● Having a tattoo that she is reluctant to explain. ● Being in a controlling or dominating relationship. ● Not having control of own finances. ● Exhibits hypervigilance or paranoid behaviors. ● Expresses interest in or in relationship with adults or much older men or women. Act 54 Update Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers A health care provider shall immediately give notice or cause notice to be given to the Department if the provider is involved in the delivery or care of a child under one year of age and the health care provider has determined, based on standards of professional practice, the child was born affected by: ● Substance use or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure. ● A Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Notification to the Department can be made to ChildLine, electronically through the Child Welfare Portal or at 1-800-932- 0313.This notification is for the purpose of assessing a child and the child’s family for a Plan of Safe Care and shall not constitute a child abuse report. (Pennsylvania General Assembly,2018). health condition that may impact the safety, early childhood development and well-being of the child. ● Depending upon the needs of the child and parent(s)/ caregiver(s), ongoing involvement of the county agency may not be required. ● Multidisciplinary Team – for the purpose of informing the Plan of Safe Care may include: ○ Public health agencies. ○ Maternal and child health agencies. ○ Home visitation program. ○ Substance use disorder prevention and treatment providers. ○ Mental health providers.
of exhausting labor or restricted freedom)(Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-b). Sex Trafficking. When a child under 18 years of age is recruited and harbored for the purposes of sex, prostitution, pornography, or exotic dancing and is forced to work for little or no pay, it is considered sex trafficking (Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-a). The victim is often threatened with serious harm, physical restraint, or abuse of legal process if the child does comply with the wishes of the perpetrator (Human Trafficking Hotline, n.d.-a). Youth at risk for human trafficking Although human trafficking victims may be of any age, younger and older teens are at highest risk, including the following youth (Keep Kids Safe, n.d.-b): ● Youth in the foster care system. ● Youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual (LGBTQIA). ● Youth who are homeless or runaways. Victim identification in human trafficking Identifying victims of human trafficking is a complex and difficult task. There is often fear for victim safety or loyalty to the perpetrator (Keep Kids Safe, n.d.-b). This may result in little cooperation from the victim when trying to validate or verify clinical findings (Keep Kids Safe, n.d.-b). Victim warning signs include the following (Keep Kids Safe, n.d.-b): ● A youth that has been verified to be under 18 years of age and is involved in the commercial sex industry or has a record of prior arrest for prostitution or related charges. ● Has an explicitly sexual online profile. ● Frequents internet chat rooms or classified sites. ● Depicts elements of sexual exploitation in drawing, poetry, or other modes of creative expression. ● Frequent or multiple sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancies. In 2018, Pennsylvania passed four legislative acts Act 10 States that Pennsylvania’s sexual offender registration applies only to individuals who have committed a sexually violent offense on or after December 20, 2012 (Pennsylvania General Assesmbly,2018). Act 29 Expanded Pennsylvania’s definition of child abuse to include when a person leaves a child unsupervised with an individual other than the parent, whom she knows to be a sexually violent predator (Pennsylvania General Assesmbly,2018). Act 54 Required the following: all schools to display a child abuse informational poster on premises. It also states that reportsshall be maintained for a period of [five] ten years[.] or until the youngest child identified in the most recent general protective services report attains 23 years of age, whichever occurs first (Pennsylvania Department of Human Services Annual Child Abuse Report, 2018). Plan of safe care After notification of a child born affected by substance use or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure or a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: ● A multidisciplinary team meeting must be held prior to the child’s discharge from the health care facility. ● The meeting will inform an assessment of the needs of the child and the child’s parents and immediate caregivers to determine the most appropriate lead agency for developing, implementing, and monitoring a Plan of Safe Care. ● The child’s parents and immediate caregivers must be engaged to identify the need for access to treatment for any substance use disorder or other physical or behavioral
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