infusion devices. In contrast, metformin controls blood glucose levels by reducing hepatic glucose production (Katzung, 2018, p. 759). With regards to physical therapy, patients prescribed dia- betic pharmaceuticals present increased risk for blood glucose variability. Blood glucose instability can lead to diabetic ketoaci- dosis in the presence of hyperglycemia and/or insufficient insulin replacement, versus acute critical hypoglycemia. Both presenta- tions constitute medical emergencies, as they can lead to regres- sion into coma if left untreated. therapist to be steadfast in professional examination practices, and prioritize patient safety relative to pharmaceutical therapy efforts. Future scholastic endeavors would do well to increase dialogue between movement-based clinicians and those pre- scribing pharmaceuticals. Currently, physical therapy evaluation, regardless of setting, should include thorough understanding of a patient’s pharmaceutical regimen, and the potential effects on activity tolerance and functional capability. Physiotherapy / Physical Therapy (2017, June 6). Physiopedia, Retrieved January 15, 2018, from www. physiopedia.com/index.php?title=Physiotherapy_/_Physical_Therapy&oldid=172012 Radhakrishnan, S., Iwach, A. (2016). Glaucoma medications and their side effects. Glaucoma Research Foundation. Retrieved January 25, 2018, from www.glaucoma.org/gleams/glaucoma-medications-and-their- side-effects.php Wharton M. A. Health Care Systems I, Slippery Rock University. 1991. Watkins, C. J. (2013). Pharmacology clear and simple: A guide to drug classifications and dosage calculations; second edition. Philadelphia: F. A Davis Company.
settings, general consideration of decreased immune function for patients taking this class of drug is of value in rehab settings, and may present for patients who suffer from chronic pathologies of immune disorder such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Diabetic pharmaceuticals Pharmaceutical management of diabetes seeks to optimize the physiologic presence of insulin for the purpose of glucose uptake. Human insulin is manufactured and applied via subcutaneous ad- ministration in a variety of formats. Common administration for - mats include syringe, insulin pens and continuous subcutaneous Conclusion Familiarity and interest regarding pharmaceutical therapy pres- ents a point of relative naivety in relation to physical therapy. While cognizant of relative pharmaceutical effects, physical reha- bilitation has yet to develop a firm understanding of pharmacoki- netics and pharmacodynamics in relation to functional movement. This dynamic relationship presents opportunities for functional progression as well as potential pitfalls. The presence of pharma- ceuticals in medical care requires continued efforts by physical References American Physical Therapy Association (2013, May 30). Medication management and physical therapists. Retrieved January 22, 2018, from physical therapy medication management.
American Physical Therapy Association. The role of physical therapists in medication management. Retrieved January 22, 2018, from www.apta.org/uploadedFiles/APTAorg/Payment/Medicare/Coding_and_Billing/ Home_Health/Comments/Statement_MedicationManagement_102610.pdf Amiji M., Cook T., Mobley, W. (2014). Applied physical pharmacy; second edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Amin, M. L. (2013). P-glycoprotein inhibition for optimal drug delivery. Drug target insights, 7, 27. Katzung, B.G. (2018). Basic & clinical pharmacology, 14th edition. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Education. Pharmacology and physical therapy; Where pharm meets function. Retrieved January 22, 2018, from https:// pharmacologyandpt.com
PHARMACEUTICALS AND PHYSICAL THERAPY: MOVEMENT WITH MEDICATION Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Answer Sheet found on page 203, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book
123. Excessive weight changes, sweating, tremors and emotional liability may all present as sign of: a. Substance habituation. b. Substance abuse. c. Substance tolerance. d. Substance therapy. 124. Patients presenting with medical history significant for cardiac arrhythmia are often prescribed: a. Pharmaceuticals with individually categorized mecha- nisms of action. b. Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs. c. Calcium-channel blocking drugs. d. Broad-spectrum antiarrhythmic pharmaceuticals. 125. The mechanism of action for corticosteroid drug therapy in the presence of asthma does not include: a. Reducing heart rate to limit blood supply to the lungs. b. Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. c. Increasing mucosal production. d. Neuromuscular sedation. 126. Following general medical stability, what is the most important objective information for a physical therapist to obtain prior to progressing a patient in recovery status post elective total knee arthroplasty? a. Lower extremity somatic sensation. b. Subjective pain level. c. Lower extremity strength. d. Global rate of perceived exertion. 127. The pharmacodynamics effects of opioids are multi-
118. Therapeutic window refers to the relationship between: a. Time of dose administration versus time of peak effect. b. Route of dose administration versus site of physiologic effect. c. Minimum therapeutic dose versus minimum toxic dose. d. Maximum therapeutic dose versus maximum toxic dose. 119. Volume of distribution for a given pharmaceutical: a. May exceed physical volume in the body. b. Never reaches full physical volume in the body. c. Is completely independent of physical volume in the body. d. Is limited to intracellular physical volume in the body. 120. The purpose of delivering a loading dose of a given pharmaceutical is: a. Decrease the waiting period for immediate effects. b. Delay the period before drug elimination occurs. c. Introduce a new drug to the body for the first time. d. Decrease the time period required to reach a steady state. 121. For patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prescription of beta- blockers is often: a. Allowed, due to dual system pharmacologic therapeutic effects. b. Highly advocated, due to the dual system pharmaco- logic therapeutic effects. c. Contraindicated, due to increased potential for induced acute bronchial smooth muscle spasm. d. Allowed, due to minimal risk for adverse effects. 122. The primary therapeutic effect of nitrates on angina include: a. Increased venous capacitance and decreased ventricular preload.
dimensional in terms of simultaneous: a. Somatosensation and emotion. b. Tachypnea and bradycardia. c. Pruritus and inflammation. d. Anticoagulation and vasodilation.
b. Increased platelet aggregation. c. Reduced coronary blood flow. d. Increased pain relief from a headache.
Course Code : PTCA04PM
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Book Code: PTCA2624
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