Pain Assessment and Management, 2nd Edition _ _________________________________________________
F inal E xam
PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, 2ND EDITION
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66. Which of the following correctly describes primary pain as defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP)? A) Pain that occurs after a surgery or injury and persists beyond normal healing time B) Pain caused by injury to the somatosensory nervous system, often described as burning or tingling C) Pain that persists for more than 3 months and is the main complaint, with no better explanation from another diagnosis D) Pain associated with underlying conditions such as can- cer, lasting more than 50% of days in the last 3 months 67. Which of the following accurately describes the role of the thalamus in pain perception? A) It sends pain signals from the brainstem to the spinal cord. B) It acts as a relay station, directing nociceptive signals to the cerebral cortex for interpretation. C) It enhances or dampens pain signals through the release of endorphins and enkephalins. D) It binds with opioid receptors to reduce the pain response. 68. Which of the following factors can reduce pain perception in critical situations, such as battle injuries or sports accidents? A) Sociocultural factors B) Gender differences in pain perception C) Descending inhibitory systems and the adrenaline response D) Anticipatory fear of pain
69. Which of the following factors is part of the social domain in the biopsychosocial model and can impact an individual’s recovery from pain? A) Pain intensity and duration B) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression C) Family and social support D) Pain catastrophizing and coping skills 70. How does pain impact an individual’s ability to function day to day, and what role do healthcare practitioners play in addressing it? A) Pain has little effect on daily activities, and practitio- ners primarily focus on psychological counseling. B) Pain can limit participation in daily life tasks such as self-care, mobility, and work, and health practitioners help clients manage pain and improve quality of life by addressing physical activity, fatigue, sleep, cognition, and psychosocial function. C) Pain only affects physical tasks, and practitioners focus exclusively on pain relief through medication. D) Pain affects only older adults, and practitioners provide support primarily by recommending medication adjust- ments.
71. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding cancer pain?
A) African American race, comorbid conditions, and gas- trointestinal cancers are associated with a poorer health- related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer patients. B) Only 20% of all cancer patients report pain, with a majority describing it as mild. C) The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) is widely used in cancer pain management worldwide. D) The majority of clients report no pain after finishing curative treatment for cancer.
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