Table 5. Structuring Care Initiative Create large, visible calendar
Implementation
Other Suggestions
• Review daily schedule • Reference throughout the day • Allow time for all activities
• Color-code days and events
Maintain structured routine with established times
• Bathing • Dressing • Meals/snacks
Create daily to-do list
• Engage person with AD • Provide them with copy
• Reference throughout the day, if needed • Alexa, smartphone, Google Home • Customize based on responsiveness
Plan activities of interest
• Use technology to engage and set reminders • Do not overbook the daily schedule (to avoid rushing)
Schedule quiet time Dressing
• Wearable items should have elastic waists • All items should be comfortable • Get multiple items of favorite pieces • Slip-proof, slip-on shoes
• Person may want to wear the same thing daily • Limit accessories • Large zipper pulls • Avoid shoelaces, buttons, and buckles • In later stages person will not be able to discern water temperature • Once water is comfortable, allow for dignified experience • Taste may change • Food may need to be prepared in bite- size pieces • Monitor eating habits to avoid hazards • Provide support, as needed; allow the person to be independent • Person may repeat questions and thoughts; continue to respond • Distract person if frustration presents • Take walks, show photos, play music
Bathing/showering
• Install grab bars • Use sturdy shower chair • Slip-proof mat on the floor
Mealtime
• Provide sufficient time for meals • Eat at the same time daily • Prepare nutritious meals that are easy to eat • Engage the person in the preparation process • Maintain a calm atmosphere for meals • Always speak in a calm, reassuring voice • Practice active listening • Validate the person; redirect, don’t correct • Engage person in decision making, as appropriate • Refrain from asking “Do you remember?” • Encourage conversation, validate • Display beloved items and photos throughout the home
Communication
Space
AD spectrum of behaviors
• Angry outbursts • Oppositional behavior • Agitation and aggression • Fear
• Address environmental changes, uncomfortable clothing, allergies, modifications to diet • Caregiving strategies will need to be modified • Logic is not always the best approach • Responses may not be logical • Caregiver strength and perspective is invaluable to the person with AD
Caregiver approach
• Recognize challenges • Recognize that the illness is not the person • Constantly modify approach • Maintain perspective • Be kind, compassionate, patient, empathetic • Caregivers need breaks; make time for a “pause”
Caregiver self-care
• Make sure caregiver is not angry, hungry, or tired
• Identify care support team • Ask for help when needed
Note: Adapted from Shin & Habermann (2022)
EliteLearning.com/Psychology
Book Code: PYIL1824
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