______________________________ Infection Control for New York Health Care Professionals ‒ 2024 Update
Community onset–not my hospital (CO-NMH): Documented infection occurring within 3 days of hospital admission and more than 4 weeks after discharge from the same hospital. Community onset–possibly my hospital (CO-PMH): Docu- mented infection occurring within 3 days of readmission to the same hospital when a discharge from the same hospital occurred within the last 4 weeks. Confidence interval (CI): The confidence interval is the range around a measurement that conveys how precise the measure- ment is. A 95% CI means that we can be 95% confident that the true measurement falls within the interval. Deep incisional SSI : A surgical site infection that involves the deep soft tissues (e.g., fascial and muscle layers) of the incision. Device utilization ratio: This ratio is obtained by dividing the number of device days by the number of patient days. It is calculated for central line utilization and urinary catheter utilization. Hospital Onset (HO): Documented infection occurring after the third day of hospital admission. Infection control/prevention processes : Routine measures to prevent infections that can be used in all healthcare settings. Infection preventionist (IP): Health professional that has special training in infection prevention and monitoring. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Staphy- lococcus aureus (SA) is a common bacterium normally found on the skin or in the nose of 20% to 30% of healthy individuals. When SA is resistant to the antibiotics oxacillin, cefoxitin, or methicillin, it is defined as MRSA for surveillance purposes. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN): This is a secure, Internet-based national data reporting system that NYS hospi- tals must use to report HAIs. The NHSN is managed by the CDC’s Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion. Organ/space SSI : A surgical site infection, excluding the skin incision, fascia, or muscle layers, that is opened or manipulated during the operative procedure. Post discharge surveillance : This is the process IPs use to seek out infections after patients have been discharged from the hospital, including re-admissions, emergency department visits, and contacting the patient’s doctor. SPARCS : The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) is a comprehensive data reporting system initially created to collect information on discharges from hospitals. SPARCS currently collects patient level detail on patient characteristics, diagnoses and treatments, services, and charges for every hospital discharge, ambulatory surgery procedure, emergency department admission, and outpatient services in New York State.
Superficial incisional SSI : A surgical site infection that involves only skin and soft tissue layers of the incision and meets NHSN criteria as described in the NHSN Patient Safety Protocol. Surgical site infection (SSI) : An infection that occurs after the operation in the part of the body where the surgery took place (incision). ELEMENT I GLOSSARY Unprofessional conduct : Part 92, Subchapter N of Title 10 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules, and Regulations of the State of New York (2019), shall include the failure to use scientifically accepted infection control practices to prevent transmission of disease pathogens from patient to patient, physician to patient, registered physician or specialist assistant to patient, employee to patient, and patient to employee, as appropriate to physicians, registered physician’s assistants, and specialist’s assistants. Such practices shall include: a. Adherence to scientifically accepted standards for hand- washing; aseptic technique; use of gloves and other bar- riers for preventing bi-directional contact with blood and body fluids; thorough cleaning followed by sterilization or disinfection of medical devices; disposal of non-reusable materials and equipment; and cleaning between patients of objects that are visibly contaminated or subject to touch contamination with blood or body fluids; b. Use of scientifically accepted injury prevention techniques or engineering controls to reduce the opportunity for patient and employee exposures. c. Performance monitoring of all personnel, licensed or unlicensed, for whom the licensee is responsible regarding infection control techniques. ELEMENT II GLOSSARY Pathogen or infectious agent : A biological, physical, or chemi- cal agent capable of causing disease. Biological agents may be bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, or prions. Portal of entry : The means by which an infectious agent enters the susceptible host. Portal of exit : The path by which an infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Reservoir : Place in which an infectious agent can survive but may or may not multiply or cause disease. Healthcare work- ers may be a reservoir for a number of nosocomial organisms spread in healthcare settings. Standard precautions : A group of IPC measures that com- bine the major features of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation based on the principle that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents.
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