______________________________ Infection Control for New York Health Care Professionals ‒ 2024 Update
DISEASES, SYNDROMES, POTENTIAL PATHOGENS AND RECOMMENDED PRECAUTIONS ( Continued ) Disease Clinical Syndrome or Condition† Potential Pathogen‡ Empiric Precautions (Always Include Standard Precautions)
Respiratory infections
Cough/fever/pulmonary infiltrate in any lung location in an HIV-infected patient or a patient at high risk for HIV infection
M. tuberculosis , respiratory viruses, S. pneumoniae , S. aureus (MSSA or MRSA)
Airborne Precautions plus Contact Precautions Use eye/face protection if aerosol- generating procedure performed or contact with respiratory secretions anticipated If tuberculosis is unlikely and there are no AIIR or respirators available, use Droplet Precautions instead of Airborne Precautions Tuberculosis more likely in HIV- infected individual than in HIV- negative individual Airborne plus Contact Precautions plus eye protection If SARS and tuberculosis unlikely, use Droplet Precautions instead of Airborne Precautions
Respiratory infections
Cough/fever/pulmonary infiltrate in any lung location in a patient with a history of recent travel (10 to 21 days) to countries with active outbreaks of SARS, avian influenza Respiratory infections, particularly bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in infants and young children
M. tuberculosis , severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV), avian influenza
Respiratory infections
Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, human metapneumovirus S. aureus (MSSA or MRSA), group A streptococcus
Contact plus Droplet Precautions; Droplet Precautions may be discontinued when adenovirus and influenza have been ruled out
Skin or wound infection Abscess or draining wound that cannot be covered Contact Precautions; add Droplet Precautions for the first 24 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy if invasive Group A streptococcal disease is suspected Table 2 was updated for format clarity and content reviewed in 2023. Infection control professionals are encouraged to modify or adapt this table according to local conditions. To ensure that empiric precautions are implemented, hospitals must have systems in place to evaluate patients according to these criteria as part of their preadmission and admission care. † Patients with the syndromes or conditions listed may present with atypical signs or symptoms (e.g., neonates and adults with pertussis may not have paroxysmal or severe cough). The clinician’s index of suspicion should be guided by the prevalence of specific conditions in the community, as well as clinical judgment. ‡ The organisms listed in the Potential Pathogens column do not represent complete diagnoses, but rather possible etiologic agents that require additional precautions beyond Standard Precautions until they can be ruled out. § These pathogens include enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella spp., hepatitis A virus, noroviruses, rotavirus, and C. difficile . Adapted from: [15} Table 2
CDC’s Core Infection Prevention and Control Practices for Safe Healthcare Delivery in All Settings In 2022, the CDC presented updated core practices for IPC by HICPAC members, representatives of professional healthcare organizations, and subject matter experts in the their Core Infec- tion Prevention and Control Practices for Safe Healthcare Delivery in All Settings [5]. The document represents core ICP practices
to promote safe and high-quality patient care that is essential in all healthcare systems. The eight core categories include many of the fundamental practices detailed throughout the course, so they are summa- rized here. The entire document should be reviewed at https:// www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/core-practices/ index.html#anchor_72633.
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