The direct medical cost of low back pain was estimated to range between £66.25 million to £130.21 million from information contained in databases relating to general practice consultations and procedures performed in hospitals in 2004. Primary care management of patients with chronic pain accounted for 4.6 million appointments per year in the UK, equivalent to 793 whole-time general Cost to economies The economic cost of pain is considered greater than most other health conditions. In most countries, this cost is directly measured as a cumulative effect on the rates of absenteeism, reduced levels of productivity, and increased risk of leaving the labor market. In a 2003 survey in Sweden, the loss of production due to sick leave resulting from chronic pain has been estimated to constitute 91% of the socioeconomic cost of SEK 87.5 billion (£7.37 billion) associated with lost production. In Denmark, an estimated 1 million working days were lost annually as a result of chronic pain. Studies also demonstrated that productivity
practitioners (GPs), at a total cost of around £69 million, with poor efficacy the trigger for almost as many consultations as poor tolerability. In addition to ineffective treatments, there are issues relating to unnecessary referrals, treatment, and diagnostic tests, and these are of particular concern as they are potentially avoidable. costs account for 85% of the total lower back pain costs per patient. In Australia, the number of absent workdays was estimated to be 9.9 million annually. Reduction in the effectiveness of workdays also reportedly cost an estimated 36.5 million per year—a cost that directly elevated the productivity costs from Aus$1.4 billion (£0.65 billion), from absenteeism alone to Aus$5.1 billion (£2.35 billion). In the United States, common pain conditions reportedly resulted in lost productivity amounting to $61 billion (£32.34 billion) per year, of which 77% was explained by reduced performance and not work absence.
CONCLUSION
Regardless of the presenting condition, a holistic approach to pain assessment and management is considered the bedrock of proper medical care. In many cases, this might require an interprofessional collaboration with input from parent assessment to therapy regimen design. As it stands, the popular management guidelines for the clinical management of pain are consistently improved as new evidence emerges.
Clinicians involved in designing pain therapy regimens are advised to consistently check for updates in the current guidelines.
WORKS CITED https://qr2.mobi/ProtPAMM
PROTOCOLS ON PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN MODERN MEDICINE Self-Assessment Answers and Rationales 1. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Beecroft’s weightlifting career significantly increased his risk score for back injury. 2. The correct answer is a.
11. The correct answer is c. Rationale: This signature run caused muscle, skeletal, and soft tissue pains. 12. The correct answer is d. Rationale: Zain’s diagnosis was confirmed as fibromyalgia. 13. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Lidocaine patches are a known analgesic in sports. 14. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Pregabalin is popularly indicated for neuropathic pain in athletes. 15. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Melatonin is indicated in poor sleeping habits. 16. The correct answer is d. Rationale: As stated, a CT scan conclusively eliminated the possibility of a possible hernia. 17. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Azante’s smoking habit presents a risk in this case. 18. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Misoprostol in this combination act as a prostaglandin analogue and reduce the risk of gastric erosion. 19. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Protocol deployed in the case study is described as the Pain Numerical Scale. 20. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Normal oxygen saturation level at 95% or higher.
Rationale: Immobility and anxiety after the back injury combined with a positive family history of depression caused Beecroft’s depression episode. 3. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Docusate sodium is indicated in constipation. 4. The correct answer is a. Rationale: The medical team aimed to use Increased sleep and exercise as a physical therapy option in Beecroft’s case. 5. The correct answer is c. Rationale: A positive family history of depression increased Beecroft’s risk of depression. 6. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Elanga’s developing bladder malignancy is considered the primary cause of pain. 7. The correct answer is b. Rationale: Tranexamic acid is known to trigger blood clotting and reduce heavy bleeding. 8. The correct answer is d. Rationale: Acetaminophen is identified in Elanga’s PMH. 9. The correct answer is c. Rationale: Ondansetron is an anti-emetic. 10. The correct answer is a. Rationale: Elanga’s rigorous, labor-intensive farming schedule is considered a great risk factor in this case.
Book Code: PYCA2725
Page 158
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