SECTION 2: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Table of contents ● Introduction: ○ Objectives. ● What are Bloodborne Pathogens? ○ Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). ○ Human Immunodeficiency (HIV). ● Signs and Symptoms: ○ Signs and Symptoms of (HBV). ○ Signs and Symptoms of (HIV).
● Risk Factors and Behaviors ● Personal Protective Equipment ● Decontamination & Sterilization ● Common Questions: ○ Discuss with the class: ■ HBV. ■ HIV. ● Precautions ● Summary
● Transmission:
○ Transmission Mediums. ○ Transmission Routes.
Introduction
A bloodborne pathogen is a specific cause of disease, such as a virus or bacteria. “Bloodborne” means carried by or in blood and certain other body fluids. AIDS, hepatitis B and C, malaria, and syphillis are examples of diseases that are caused by bloodborne pathogens.
Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Discuss bloodborne pathogens. Identify two bloodborne pathogens of concern in the workplace. Two types of pathogens of concern in the workplace are: ● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). ● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Hepatitis B is much more contagious than HIV. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Explain how bloodborne pathogens are transmitted. List four high risk factors. Discuss the precautions to be used in the workplace.
WHAT ARE BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS?
Signs and symptoms of (HBV) Discuss and list different signs and symptoms of HBV.
The HB Virus infects the liver: it’s more common than HIV and is a greater risk on the job. Many HBV infected people have no problems or symptoms. Some, however, do develop serious or fatal problems such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, or chronic liver disease. There is a vaccine for HBV which is dispensed in three doses. Any employee at risk should take the vaccine.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV causes AIDS, it attacks the body’s immune system, reducing its ability to fight disease. To protect yourself against HIV and HBV, avoid direct exposure to infectious blood or body fluids - the prime transmitters of HBV and HIV.
Signs and symptoms of (HIV) Discuss and list different signs and symptoms of HIV.
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TRANSMISSION
Transmission mediums Body fluids that can transmit infection are:
● Pleural fluid (fluid around the lungs). ● Pericardial fluid (fluid around the heart). ● Peritoneal fluid (fluid in the abdomen). ● Amniotic fluid (fluid that surrounds an embryo). ● Saliva (in dental procedures).
● Blood. ● Semen. ● Vaginal secretions. ● Cerebrospinal fluid (brain and spinal fluid). ● Synovial fluid (lubricating fluid of joints and tendons). Transmission routes HIV and hepatitis are transmitted only in the following ways: 1. Unprotected sexual contact involving the transfer of body fluids such as blood, semen and vaginal secretions. 2. Direct contact with infected blood through needle-sharing, transfusions and needlesticks. 3. Infected mothers can transmit the virus to their babies while in the womb or in breast milk.
You can’t catch HIV through casual contact, such as touching, hugging, being coughed on or sneezed on or working around someone who has AIDS. Family members and health care workers who are constantly around patients with AIDS do not catch AIDS when they use proper precautions.
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Book Code: CGA0523
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