● Oropharynx : The middle part of the pharynx located at the back of the mouth behind the oral cavity. This area includes the base of the tongue, soft palate, side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils (American Dental Association, 2022). ● Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity : Small hollow spaces in the bones of the head surrounding the nose. The nasal cavity is the hollow space inside the nose. ● Pharynx : Hollow tube approximately 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and leads to the esophagus. It is divided into three parts, namely the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. ● Prevalence : The total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time. ● Salivary glands : Produce saliva to moisten the mouth, begin digestion, and protect teeth. The major salivary glands are the most important and include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid glands are near the upper teeth, the submandibular gland is under the tongue, and the sublingual glands are in the floor of the mouth (Marieb & Hoehn, 2018). ● Screening : The process by which a practitioner evaluates a patient without symptoms to determine whether he or she is likely or unlikely to have a potentially malignant or frankly malignant lesion. ● Viral clearance: Removal of a virus from a host. Once a virus infects the body, the immune system works to remove the virus. The length of time for the immune system to remove the virus from the host depends on the virus type, how much of the virus is present, and health of the host’s immune system. ● Virus : A tiny parasite, much smaller than bacteria, that infects living organisms by inserting its reproductive material into the host’s cells. The virus reproduces within the invaded cell until the cell bursts open, releasing more of the virus. The virus relies completely on the host cell for its reproduction (DifferenceBetween.net, n.d.). public, healthcare professionals, and CDC partners and programs. http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/index.html ○ Print Materials for Preteens and Teens Provides flyers and posters aimed at preteens, teens, and their parents, on the subject of HPV vaccination. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/products/ print-materials.html ○ Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Adolescents and Young Adults Provides resources for communicating with adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/std/life-stages-populations/ adolescents-youngadults.htm ○ Simply Put: A Guide for Creating Easy-to- Understand Materials A lively downloadable booklet to help healthcare providers create their own patient-friendly educational materials. http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11938 ○ Vaccines & Immunizations Provides information on immunization schedules and recommendations. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ ○ What Can You Do to Ensure Your Patients Get Fully Vaccinated? Offers tips and resources for encouraging teen vaccinations. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/for-hcp.html
● DNA virus : A virus that injects its DNA into the host DNA for replication. Because the virus uses the host DNA to replicate, it remains stable over time, with a low rate of mutation. DNA viruses are described as “constant” over time, which is a necessary characteristic for vaccines to remain effective over time (DifferenceBetween.net, n.d.). ● Episome : Separate bits of genetic material that can lie dormant and later activate. ● Epithelial cells : Cells that make up epithelial tissue. Epithelial cells come in three shapes: squamous (thin and flat), columnar, and cuboidal. ● Epithelial tissue : Tissue that lines the cavities of blood vessels and other organs throughout the body. ● Head and neck : Includes the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses, the oral cavity, and the pharynx and larynx. ● Hypopharynx : The lower part of the pharynx. ● Incidence : The number of new cases of a disease occurring in a defined population during a specific interval, usually expressed as the number of cases per 100,000 people at risk per year. ● Larynx : Short passage formed by cartilage just below the pharynx. Because the vocal cords are located in the larynx, it is also called the voicebox . ● Nasopharynx : The upper part of the pharynx behind the nose. ● Oral cancer : A general term for cancers occurring in the mouth or back of the throat. The more accurate terms, oral cavity cancer and oropharynx cancer, divide the oral cavity into two distinct sites. It is important to make this distinction because the statistics for cancers occurring at these sites differ, as do treatment outcomes. ● Oral cavity : Includes the lips, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the gums, the lining inside the cheeks and lips (mucosa), the floor of the mouth under the tongue, the hard palate, and the retromolar pad (the small area of gum behind the third molars) (American Dental Association, 2022). Resources Article ● Carole Fakhry and Gypsyamber D’Souza A 2013 article titled “Discussing the Diagnosis of HPV-OSCC: Common Questions and Answers,” in Oral Oncology, 49, 863-871. Common questions and answers about HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (HPV-OSCC). A brochure for patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer and their families is included with the article. http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/hpv/pdf/2013/ discussing-diagnosis-of-HPV-OSCC.pdf Websites The websites below offer a variety of no-cost information for interested professionals: ● American Cancer Society Additional Resources for Oral Cavity and Oral Pharyngeal Cancers www.cancer.org/cancer/ oralcavityandoropharyngealcancer/detailedguide/oral- cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer-additional ● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ○ Addressing Parents’ Top Questions About HPV Vaccine Provides simple, straightforward answers to parents’ concerns. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/who/teens/for-hcp- tipsheet-hpv.html ○ Human Papillomavirus (HPV) This website offers information for parents and the
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