41. Which of the following statements about ulcerative colitis is false? a. Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the rectum and colon. b. Ulcers form where inflammation has killed the cells that usually line the colon, then bleed and produce pus. c. Inflammation in the colon also causes the colon to empty frequently, causing diarrhea. d. It is not difficult to distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. 42. Which of the following statements about aminosalicylates (5-ASA) is false? a. Aminosalicylates have been used effectively for years to treat IBD. b. For aminosalicytes to work, they must be absorbed systemically, rather than topically, into the diseased gastrointestinal areas. c. As much as 80 percent of 5-ASA may be absorbed from the small intestine, not reaching its target area. d. There are also a number of 5-ASA compounds formulated to reach diseased areas in the small or large bowel, which are referred to as mesalamine. 43. Which of the following statements about glucocorticoids/ corticosteroids is false? a. Corticosteroids are a group of anti-inflammatory drugs similar to the hormone cortisol produced in the body. b. Corticosteroids reduce the inflammation associated with many diseases, including many forms of arthritis. c. They can be taken in a variety of forms, such as pills, injections, inhalers, nasal sprays, topical creams, drops, ointments, enemas, foams and suppositories. d. Most corticosteroids are available over the counter. 44. Oral forms of corticosteroids taken for a long time can have a wide variety of side effects, including all the following except: a. Acne. b. Weight loss. c. Loss of bone density associated with osteoporosis. d. Decrease in immune response. 45. Which of the following statements about cortisol is false? a. Corticosteroids are synthetic versions of the natural hormone cortisol, which is chemically related to the natural hormones produced by the body’s adrenal glands, located at the top of each kidney. b. Cortisol plays an important role in controlling salt and water balance in the body and regulating carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. c. Cortisol also suppresses inflammation, which is the body’s normal response to outside invaders, such as bacteria. d. When the body becomes stressed from infection, trauma, surgery, or emotional problems, the adrenal glands stop producing cortisol.
37. Which of the following statements about laxatives is false? a. Many people use over-the-counter laxatives instead of a high-fiber diet, adequate hydration, and exercise to maintain regularity. b. Bulk-forming laxatives cannot be digested; instead, they absorb water within the body, turning into a bulky gel that stimulates peristalsis. c. Osmotic laxatives are absorbable solutions that result in decreased liquidity of the stool. d. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used for colonic cleansing prior to endoscopic procedures. 38. Which of the following statements about anti-diarrheal drugs is false? a. Colloidal bismuth compounds, like bismuth subsalicylate, are classified as proton pump inhibitors (PPI). b. Anti-diarrheals are typically used to control chronic diarrhea caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). c. Anti-diarrheal drugs should only be used in cases of mild to moderate diarrhea, and should not be used by individuals with blood in their stool, a high fever, or other condition that might cause systemic toxicity or worsen the pre-existing condition. d. Two main opioids are used as anti-diarrheal agents: loperamide and diphenoxylate. 39. Which of the following statements about vomiting or nausea is false? a. Nausea is an uneasiness of the stomach that always leads to vomiting. b. Some triggers that may result in vomiting can come from the stomach and intestines (infection, injury, and food irritation), the inner ear (dizziness and motion sickness), and the brain (head injury, brain infections, tumors, and migraine headaches). c. Various stimuli that affect nausea and vomiting come together in an area in the brain known as the vomit (emetic) center in the medulla. d. The vomit center receives input from four major areas: the GI tract, the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the vestibular apparatus, and the cerebral cortex. 40. Which of the following statements about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is false? a. IBD is the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the small intestine and colon. b. IBD refers to two distinct disorders: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. c. The cause and progression of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is well known. d. Crohn’s disease (regional enteritis) is a condition of inflammation of the mucosa in the large intestine, and more commonly, the ileum of the small intestine.
Course Code: MGA04MM
Page 75
Book Code: MGA1224
EliteLearning.com/Massage-Therapy
Powered by FlippingBook