References Endnotes and sources 1. http://health.enotes.com/medicine-encyclopedia/infant-massageover-the-counter form 2. http://www.emedmag.com/html/pre/fea/features/111500.asp 3. Ashton, Joseph and Duke Cassel, Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork Certification, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2002. 4. Beers, Mark H., and Robert Berkow. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 17th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc., 1999. 5. Fritz, Sandy, Mosby’s Fundamentals of Therapeutic Massage, Second Edition, 2000. 6. Thomas T. Gushiken, Ph.D., C.T.R.S. 7. http://www.uwlax.edu/faculty/gushiken/rth355-002/drugnomenclature.htm 8. http://www.mc.uky.edu/Pharmacology/instruction/pha824mp/PHA824mp.html Copyright © 2000, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center 9.
Pharmokinetics handout: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/balaz/teaching/phkin470/handouts/inpharm.pdf 10. http://www.boomer.org/c/p1/Ch20/Ch2003.html Copyright 2001 David W.A. Bourne 11. http://www.novogen.com/pharma/pharma0401.cfm?mainsection=04&subsection=02 Copyright Novegen 2006. 12. Medical Economics Company. The Physicians Desk Reference (PDR). 55th edition. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, 2001. 13. Hardy, Mary L. “Herb-Drug Interactions: An Evidence-Based Table.” Internal Medicine Alert 23 (January 29, 2001): 1. 14. United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). MedWatch Adverse Events Reporting Program. 5600
Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852-9787. 800-FDA-1088. http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/. 15. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/drug_metabolisminteractions.jsp 16. http://mentalhealth.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.fda.gov/cder/about/default.htm MEDICATIONS & MASSAGE THERAPY: COMMON GASTROINTESTINAL & PAIN MEDICATIONS Final Examination Questions Select the best answer for each question and mark your answers on the Final Examination Answer Sheet found on page 76, or complete your test online at EliteLearning.com/Book 26. Which of the following statements regarding corticosteroids is false? a. Corticosteroids cause atrophy and weaken connective tissues, including skin, fascia, ligaments, and muscle, joint capsules, bones, and tendons. b. Corticosteroids also enhance the body’s ability to repair body tissues, resulting in shorter healing periods and less fragile tissue after any injury. 31. Which of the following statements about proton pump inhibitors (PPI) is false? a. PPIs have been in use since the late 1980s. b. They are highly effective acid-inhibiting agents used commonly for treatment of acid-peptic disorders. c. All proton pump inhibitors, except rabeprazole, are administered intravenously. d. Proton pump inhibitors are largely metabolized by the liver and are eliminated in urine. 32. Which of the following statements about proton pump inhibitors and ulcers is false?
c. Corticosteroids also have immunosuppressant effects that make an individual more susceptible to infection, so hand washing and being in good health are important to the client’s health and safety. d. Individuals taking corticosteroids for long periods may notice changes in skin sensitivity and altered reactions to heat and cold. 27. Which of the following statements about acid-peptic diseases is false? a. Acid-peptic diseases include gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal), and stress-related mucosal injury. b. Ulceration or mucosal erosion occurs when caustic substances (like acid, bile, and pepsin) in the gastrointestinal tract overpower the defenses of gastrointestinal mucosa (mucus and bicarbonate secretions, blood flow, prostaglandins, and cellular regeneration after injury). c. Drugs used in acid-peptic disorder treatment typically do one of two things: reduce intragastric acidity or promote mucosal defense. d. Antacids have no history of nonprescription use in individuals with acid-peptic disorders. 28. Which of the following is not one of the three main types of antacid preparations? a. Sodium bicarbonate. b. Colloidal bismuth. c. Calcium carbonate. d. Magnesium or aluminum hydroxide. 29. Which of the following statements about H2 receptor antagonists is false? a. H2 receptor antagonists are currently prescribed for the following conditions: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nonulcer dyspepsia, and for the prevention of bleeding from stress-related gastritis. b. While they do not work as rapidly, H2 antagonists last for a longer period than antacids (6-10 hours vs. 1-2). c. More than 10 percent of individuals taking H2 antagonists experience side effects. d. Half-lives for these H2 antagonists range from about 1 to 4 hours, depending on dosage. 30. Which of the following is not one of the four main H2 antagonists in current use?
a. Proton pump inhibitors assist in the healing of both duodenal and gastric ulcers, healing over 90 percent of ulcers within 8 weeks. b. Ulcers may be associated with the use of glucocorticoids. c. In the case of H pylori infection, the therapeutic strategy is two-fold: to eliminate the bacteria and heal the ulcer. d. Elimination of the organism is produced through the proton pump inhibitor’s ability to substantially raise environmental pH in the body, allowing antibiotics to effectively combat H pylori. 33. Which of the following statements about metoclopromide is false? a. Metoclopromide is used to treat individuals with delayed gastric emptying (due to surgery or diabetes). b. It is sometimes administered to hospitalized individuals using feeding tubes to promote movement of food from the stomach to the duodenum. c. Metoclopromide may also provide some relief from symptoms of chronic dyspepsia, for the prevention and treatment of emesis (nausea), and to prevent vomiting. d. Long-term use of metoclopromide is encouraged. 34. Laxatives work though all of the following mechanisms, except: a. Bulk-forming. b. Stool softening. a. Cathartics. b. Purgatives. c. Softeners. d. Constipators. 36. Which of the following statements about stool surfactant agents is false? a. They allow the entry of water and lipids into the stool, softening the material. b. Atropine (intravenous) is typically prescribed in hospitalized individuals to prevent constipation. c. Glycerin suppositories and mineral oil are also commonly used stool softeners. d. Long-term use of mineral oil may reduce absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. c. Analgesic. d. Osmotic. 35. Stimulant laxatives are also called:
a. Cimetidine. b. Ranitidine. c. Famotidine. d. Lamotidine.
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